Elsevier

Computer Networks

Volume 50, Issue 11, 10 August 2006, Pages 1653-1674
Computer Networks

Admission control and bandwidth reservation in multi-hop ad hoc networks

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2005.06.014Get rights and content

Abstract

With the rising popularity of wireless multimedia applications and the adoption of IEEE 802.11 access technologies in mobile ad hoc networks, admission control and bandwidth reservation are highly needed in such networks to prevent network saturation and thereby improve the overall network performance. This requires efficient solutions on available bandwidth estimation, QoS routing, admission decision, bandwidth reservation and signaling, etc. We propose a framework, which is compatible with existing AODV routing protocol, to achieve above goals by cross layer cooperation between IEEE 802.11 MAC and AODV-QoS routing protocol. Simulations show that proposed framework is able to alleviate saturation, achieve higher throughput, lower end-to-end delay and jitter, without increasing AODV overhead.

Introduction

In recent years, the field of multi-hop ad hoc networks has experienced unprecedented growth in both scale and diversity. Most of researchers focus on ad hoc best-effort routing, energy conservation, PHY/MAC layer design, etc., while little work has been done for end-to-end QoS provisioning in ad hoc networks [5], which is particularly difficult due to following reasons:

  • Error-prone wireless channel: For various reasons, the effective channel bandwidth changes dynamically in terms of time and location. This places significant challenges on bandwidth and delay sensitive services and applications.

  • Mobility: The mobility of nodes in mobile ad hoc networks introduces frequently topology changes, which requires sophisticated route discovery mechanisms while making end-to-end QoS guarantee more difficult under unstable routes.

  • Multi-hop infrastructure-less: Each node operates independently in ad hoc networks. The lack of infrastructure makes the cooperation among nodes several hops away without introducing larger control overhead more much difficult.

Depending on what service model (DiffServ or IntServ) to use, QoS resource management may include QoS routing, scheduling, traffic conditioning and resource reservation. Clearly the problem is so broad that it is very hard to devise a general solution. The complexity and diversity of mobile ad hoc networks led to multitude solutions on different domains with different perspectives. In this paper, we focus on admission control and bandwidth reservation in multi-hop ad hoc networks with the underlying IEEE 802.11 access technology.

Because it does not require synchronized channel, IEEE 802.11-based access technology is more appropriate for the multi-hop infrastructure-less networks than TDMA-based access technology. However, if overloaded, IEEE 802.11 access networks will be saturated and experience unbearable performance degradation. Therefore, a QoS mechanism to prevent the saturation from happening is extremely important for IEEE 802.11-based ad hoc networks. In this paper, we propose a framework for end-to-end admission control and bandwidth reservation based on the cross layer collaboration between modified AODV-QoS routing protocol and bandwidth estimation at underlying IEEE 802.11 MAC. In our framework:

  • The variable saturation throughput of IEEE 802.11 MAC has been taken into account in the available bandwidth estimation.

  • Multi-hop effect and neighbor interaction have been taken into account.

  • To minimize control overhead, link state and QoS information is kept locally in one’s broadcast region, not being propagated over the entire network.

  • The framework is compatible with existing AODV routing protocol.

  • Overall network performance such as throughput, end-to end delay and jitter are improved.

The remainder of the paper is organized as follows. Section 2 provides an overview of admission control, bandwidth reservation and other previous work in IEEE 802.11 based ad hoc networks. Section 3 analyzes the problem of bandwidth estimation and multi-hop interference, and provides end-to-end admission control decision. Section 4 presents the AODV-based signaling scheme for the end-to-end admission control and bandwidth reservation framework. Section 5 describes simulation and results. Finally, we conclude the paper in Section 6.

Section snippets

Admission control in ad hoc networks

First of all, there is no agreed approach to do admission control and bandwidth reservation in multi-hop ad hoc networks. It can be either implemented as separate signaling schemes on top of routing protocols, such as M-CAMP [10] and INSIGNIA [8], or integrated as QoS routing protocols. The former is independent of the underlying ad hoc routing protocols. However, the main concern of such kind of schemes is high overhead, slow response and inefficiency without taking advantage of underlying

Admission control decision

802.11 MAC is based on shared media and node contentions. Therefore, the acceptance of traffic flow(s) at a specific node will have impact on the available bandwidth of all its neighboring nodes. Moreover, since nodes transmit and receive data on the single channel, the delivery of a single traffic flow involves the contention of channel resource within the node(s). As a result, different nodes (i.e., the source, the destination, intermediate nodes, and neighboring nodes along the end-to-end

AODV-based signaling scheme

In order to enforce aforementioned admission control decisions without introducing substantial signaling overhead, we choose to integrate the signaling scheme with AODV-QoS [12], given extension in order to support admission control decision over neighboring nodes of an end-to-end route. The extension incurs (i) minimum modification of AODV-QoS, (ii) reasonable overhead, and (iii) it is robust and compatible with existing AODV routing protocol.

The reason to choose AODV as the platform for

Simulation

We implement the proposed framework with the 802.11b module in QualNet [13]. The performance of the proposed framework is evaluated in terms of average throughput, end-to-end delay, jitter, packet delivery ratio, and overhead. Various network topologies are tested.

In the first scenario, 64 nodes are in an 8 × 8 grid topology with grid unit distance of 300 m, which is shown in Fig. 4. There are eight CBR traffic flows with various sources/destinations and starting/ending times. The packet size is

Conclusion and future work

In this paper, we proposed a framework for admission control and bandwidth reservation in IEEE 802.11-based multi-hop ad hoc networks. The framework takes advantage of cross layer collaboration between 802.11 MAC and AODV-QoS routing protocol. It requires the minimum modifications and is compatible with AODV-QoS. By the proposed framework, network saturation under overloaded traffic can be alleviated, and thereby, the quality of service (i.e., application throughput, end-to-end delay and

Hua Zhu received the Ph.D. degree in Electrical Engineering from the University of Texas at Dallas, Texas. Since 2005, he has been working for San Diego Research Center, Inc., San Diego, CA, as a Research Engineer. His research interests span all layers of wireless communication systems. His particular interest is in L2/3 air interface design, performance analysis, and optimization for ad hoc and sensor networks. In addition to publications in referred journals and conferences, he is the

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    Hua Zhu received the Ph.D. degree in Electrical Engineering from the University of Texas at Dallas, Texas. Since 2005, he has been working for San Diego Research Center, Inc., San Diego, CA, as a Research Engineer. His research interests span all layers of wireless communication systems. His particular interest is in L2/3 air interface design, performance analysis, and optimization for ad hoc and sensor networks. In addition to publications in referred journals and conferences, he is the co-author of “QoS for multimedia services in wireless networks” in Resource Management in Wireless Networking (Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2004). He serves in the organizing committee of many conferences ad workshops, including 1st Intl. Workshop on Optical Networking Technologies for Global SAN Solutions (ONSAN’03), 1st Intl. Conference on Quality of Service in Heterogeneous Wired/Wireless Networks (QShine’04), etc. He is a CCNP (Cisco Certified Network Professional) since 2002.

    Imrich Chlamtac (M’86–SM’86–F’93) received the Ph.D. degree in Computer Science from the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. He is the President of CREATE-NET and the Bruno Kessler Professor at the University of Trento, Italy. He has held various honorary and chaired professorships in USA and Europe including the Distinguished Chair in Telecommunications Professorship at the University of Texas at Dallas, Sackler Professorship at Tel Aviv University and has been on faculty at Technion, and UMass. He has made significant contribution to various networking technologies as scientist, educator and entrepreneur. He is the recipient of multiple awards and recognitions including Fellow of the IEEE, Fellow of the ACM, Fulbright Scholar, the ACM Award for Outstanding Contributions to Research on Mobility and the IEEE Award for Outstanding Technical Contributions to Wireless Personal Communications. He published over three hundred and fifty refereed journal, book, and conference articles and is the co-author of four books. He has widely contributed to the scientific community as founder and Chair of ACM Sigmobile, founder and steering committee chair of some of the lead conferences in networking including Mobicom, OptiComm, Mobiquitous, Broadnets, Securecomm. He also serves as the founding Editor in Chief of the ACM/URSI/Springer Wireless Networks (WINET), the ACM/Springer Journal on Special Topics in Mobile Networks and Applications (MONET).

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