A recursive embedding algorithm towards lossless 2D vector map watermarking

doi:10.1016/j.dsp.2012.11.007

Digital Signal Processing

Volume 23, Issue 3, May 2013, Pages 912-918

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsp.2012.11.007 Get rights and content

Abstract

The copyright protection of two-dimensional (2D) vector map has attracted a lot of research focus due to the increasing security issues raised in recent years. One promising direction seeking the optimal tradeoff between adding watermarks and maintaining minimal distortion is the so-called lossless watermarking, i.e., after watermark extraction the 2D vector maps are fully lossless. This paper presents a novel lossless watermarking scheme for 2D vector maps based on a novel recursive embedding algorithm. In our algorithm, feature points of individual polylines are first grouped into united, upon which highly correlated unites are selected as cover data to carry out a recursive modification of its mean vertex coordinates. Such operation not only ensures lossless compression, but also enables higher payload capacity and, to a certain degree, the perception invisibility before and after the watermark extraction. We have conduced experiments on several real-world 2D vector map applications to show the effectiveness, efficiency of the proposed algorithm.

Section snippets

Liujuan Cao is currently a Ph.D. candidate in Department of Computer Science and Technology at Harbin Engineering University, China. She received her B.S. degree and M.E. degree in Department of Computer Science and Technology at Harbin Engineering University, in 2005 and 2008, respectively.

Her research interests include multimedia information retrieval, machine learning, pattern recognition, and vector map watermarking. She is the student member of IEEE.

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Cited by (22)

Reversible watermarking for 2D CAD engineering graphics based on improved histogram shifting
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Citation Excerpt :
As seen from Table 2, it can be found that the proposed reversible watermarking scheme HS_C has a larger watermark capacity than those of methods proposed by D. Wu [14], L.J. Cao [21] and L. Li [22], but the capacity of HS_P is relative small. Experiments are done on methods in [14,21,22] and the proposed methods to compare their invisibility, the results are listed in Table 3. Besides, the relation between the embedding position and RMSEs is also analyzed.
According to the characteristics of the coordinates and phases in 2D CAD engineering graphics, difference histograms are constructed. Consequently, two reversible watermarking schemes based on difference histogram shifting are put forward. The first scheme HS_C implements the integer part of coordinate values to construct the adjacent difference histogram and hides messages in the peak and zero point pairs. The scheme can achieve high capacity and good invisibility in the graphics with high correlated coordinates. Instead of coordinates, the second scheme HS_P adopts the integer part of the phase value as the cover data, and the watermark is embedded by shifting and modifying the difference histogram of the phase. It is robust against translation, rotation and even scaling. Experimental results show that both schemes are strictly reversible. The proposed schemes have great potential to be applied for content authentication or secret communication of 2D CAD engineering graphics.
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Reversible watermarking for vector maps based on interval mapping and maximum perturbation region
2022, Cehui Xuebao/Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica
Geo-information security technology: progress and prospects
2022, Cehui Xuebao/Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica
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2021, ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information
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2020, Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing

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Her research interests include multimedia information retrieval, machine learning, pattern recognition, and vector map watermarking. She is the student member of IEEE.

Chaoguang Men is currently a professor in the Department of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Engineering University. He obtained his Ph.D. and Bachelor degrees from Department of Computer Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, and Master degree from Department of Computer Science, Harbin Shipbuilding Engineering Institute. He is a senior member of China Computer Federation and a member of the Computer Society of embedded computing.

His main research directions are trusted computing technology, information security technology, fault-tolerant computing technology, mobile computing technology, image processing and geographic information systems. In recent years, he has published more than 30 papers that are indexed by SCI/EI/ISTP retrieval. He holds 6 authorized invention patents and 2 provincial and ministerial level scientific and technological progress awards.

Yue Gao received the B.S. degree from Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China, in 2005, and the M.E. degree and Ph.D. degree from Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, in 2008 and 2012 respectively. He was a visiting scholar at Carnegie Mellon University worked with Dr. Alexander Hauptmann from October 2010 to March 2011, a research intern at National University of Singapore and Intel China Research Center, respectively. He is currently a Research Fellow with the School of Computing, National University of Singapore.

His research interests include large scale image/video retrieval, 3D object retrieval and recognition, and social media analysis. He is the author of more than 40 journals and conference papers in these areas. He is a Special Session Chair of the 2012 Pacific-Rim Conference on Multimedia and the 18th International Conference on Multimedia Modeling 2013. He is a member of ACM.

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A recursive embedding algorithm towards lossless 2D vector map watermarking

Abstract

Section snippets

Digit. Signal Process.

Pattern Recogn.

A survey of digital vector map watermarking

Int. J. Innov. Comput. Inf. Control

Robust watermark of vector digital maps

Reversible watermarking: current status and key issues

Int. J. Netw. Secur.

Lossless generalized-LSB data embedding

IEEE Trans. Image Process.