Elsevier

European Journal of Combinatorics

Volume 36, February 2014, Pages 314-321
European Journal of Combinatorics

Short proofs of coloring theorems on planar graphs

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Abstract

A lower bound on the number of edges in a k-critical n-vertex graph recently obtained by Kostochka and Yancey yields a half-page proof of the celebrated Grötzsch Theorem that every planar triangle-free graph is 3-colorable. In this paper we use the same bound to give short proofs of other known theorems on 3-coloring of planar graphs, among which is the Grünbaum–Aksenov Theorem that every planar graph with at most three triangles is 3-colorable. We also prove the new result that every graph obtained from a triangle-free planar graph by adding a vertex of degree at most 4 is 3-colorable.

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