Multimedia recommendation and transmission system based on cloud platform
Introduction
Multimedia transmission has received attention and popularity with the advent of fast and low-cost communication technologies. Multimedia computing and communications can be applied anywhere and anytime in order to change our lives in the form of text, audio, video. With the popularization of the multimedia, the increasing volume of multimedia data in storage and transit is becoming inevitable. In recent years, the research on multimedia big data [1], [2], [3], [4] has gained tremendous interest, including the analysis of images with large size and high velocity, and the analysis of motion pictures in large file sizes and high bitrates.
Recently significant focus has been put on big data, more specifically on big data retrieval algorithms. Dai et al. [5] proposed a scheme that shares mobile image with high resolution and real-time. This scheme uses cloud platform and real-time application of data driven mobile image sharing to combine image sharing and retrieval of image reconstruction. Bari et al. [6], [7], [8] present optimization models to recognize and identify multimedia data clusters via 23-bit Golay Code. Marz et al. review the principles and a selection of practices of scalable real time data systems with an emphasis on the acceleration of knowledge gain via big data streams [9]. In [10], Gao et al. have built a scalable distributed platform and a high-performance geoprocessing workflow based on the Hadoop ecosystem to harvest crowd-sourced gazetteer entry. There are also studies about business, news, and social security that have direct societal impacts [11], [12], [13]. Matijasevic and Skorin-Kapov present the design and development of a multi-user virtual audio chat application, and assess its performance by considering the QoS requirements [14]. In [15], an introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), Mobile Sink based WSN and Cloud Computing is given. The integration of WSN and Cloud Computing is highlighted with some insights on how WSN and Clouds can both get benefits from each other. Applications of Wireless Sensors over the cloud are also described. One example is the integration of cognitive radio sensor networks applicable for wireless technologies and telecommunication, as well as corresponding researches [16], [17]. Based on the booming number of cloud computing based applications, we come up with a multimedia recommendation and transmission system based on cloud platform, which also focus on the security problems and comprehensive performances.
Recent research reports that novel security schemes are emergent against tampering attacks on multimedia data, which may be due to various motivation of adversaries [18], [19]. Security schemes can take advantage of digital watermarking approaches [20], [21] while real-time solutions are required in multimedia transmission [22]. Wang et al. [23] present viable solution for real-time video streaming where intermediate network nodes run random packet coding and transmitting method in order to improve the performance of video transmission system. Vazquez et al. [24] apply view prediction and progressive transmission to reduce the bandwidth of navigation systems.
Recommender systems for multimedia content, such as films and videos are in great demand, especially fine-tunes collaborative-filtering results according to filtered content elements namely, actors, directors, and genres. A film recommender agent that extends predictions based on collaborative filtering into the content space is developed. This content-based filtering improves on the accuracy of predictions based solely on content [25]. With the help of such recommender systems, recommendations for newly released, previously unrated titles will be easily approached. In [26], a recommendation system for groups of users that go to the cinema, which uses the Slope One algorithm and the Multiplicative Utilitarian Strategy is presented. Briguez et al. [27] propose a framework which incorporates the use of arguments in favor or against recommendations to determine if a suggestion should be presented or not to a user, and Defeasible Logic Programming (DeLP) is adopted as the underlying formalism to model facts and rules about the recommendation domain.
As for the architectures which support the transmission of the multimedia data and ensure the security of the data, various schemes have been proposed based on role management and data access control. Lan Zhou et al. describe a comprehensive approach to address the security issues in cloud storage systems by proposing a new role-based encryption scheme and a cryptographic administrative model to manage and enforce role-based access policies for cryptographic role-based access control (RBAC) schemes in [28]. Yan Zhu et al. address how to construct an RBAC-compatible secure cloud storage service with a user-friendly and easy-to-manage attribute-based access control (ABAC) mechanism in [29]. The authors in [30] present a detailed access control requirement analysis for cloud computing and identities important gaps, which are not fulfilled by conventional access control models, and propose an access control model to meet the identified cloud access control requirements.
In this paper, a multimedia recommendation and transmission system has been proposed based on cloud platform which is performed on the multimedia content. Different from [31], in view of the recommendation systems for multimedia, a multimedia recommendation is presented mainly for movies, videos and corresponding multimedia content. In the proposed system, security of the multimedia content during transmission can be ensured. Furthermore, we can use the status of the multimedia and the role of the users as indicators to decide whether a user or a group of users can view a particular multimedia content. The present applications of data analytics in films provide a better way to choose the corresponding content.
The organization of this paper is as follows: In Section 2, we describe the basics of big data and signature verification which will be used in the proposed scheme. In Section 3, the application of big data technology in the production process of a movie is introduced. The architecture that enables secure multimedia content transmission is defined in Section 4. Performance analysis of the proposed architecture and discussions are presented in Section 5. We finally conclude the paper in Section 6 and point out directions regarding future research.
Section snippets
Schnorr’s signature
Schnorr’s signature is one of the earliest discrete log-based signature schemes proposed in the literature. Its simplicity and efficiency (short signature length and the possibility of pre-computing exponentiations for very quick on-line signature generation) has attracted considerable attention. Its security has been analyzed in the Random Oracle Model (ROM) [32] under the Discrete Logarithm (DL) assumption by Pointcheval and Stern [33]. The signing and validation steps in Schnorr’s
Big data for film promotion
Applications of data analytics in film industry help us choose the directors and the actors in movies and TV series through mined data.
In the first step, data analytics is applied to obtain popularity of stories, directors, and actors according to the data collected through web search, network traffic, topic evaluating and blog forwarding. Then these data are put together in a database that can serve analysis of ages, hobbies, and consumer behavior. We can also guide the target population to
The proposed architecture
The data of recommended systems and the content of the films are all stored in the cloud. Mass data is needed for the analysis of the recommendation system, such as the content and directors of the films and the web-search habits and locations of different users. We try to find the map between information of the films and that of users, and then offer reasonable recommendation. For that purpose, we must build a secure and efficient way to connect the recommendation user-end system and the data
Delay performance of the proposed architecture
Authorization delay is inevitable to have authorization overhead in our proposed architecture as well as other models, and it is an important issue in the transmission system. While there must be some delay introduced into the system because of the proposed scheme which aims to ensure the security of the transmitted data, we need make a tradeoff between the security performance and the computation performance.
Fig. 5 shows the policy evaluation delay existing in the proposed architecture and
Conclusion
This paper presents a data analytics-driven multimedia system that receives subjective scores from users. According to the collected data, we have proposed a multimedia status and role-based access control hybrid cloud storage system. Considering the problem of the existing public cloud storage system in safety and analysis, we put forward the role-based access control to improve the flexibility. This paper provides a detailed description of the system in five phases: user login, registration,
Acknowledgments
This research is partially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 61471260 and 61271324), and Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin: 16JCYBJC16000.
Jiachen Yang received the M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in Communication and Information Engineering from the Tianjin University, Tianjin, China, in 2005 and 2009, respectively. He is an associate professor at Tianjin University. In 2014, he was a visiting scholar in the Department of Computer Science, School of Science at Loughborough University, UK. His research interests include computational electro-magnetic, wireless power transfer, the designs and applications of active and passive planar
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Cited by (0)
Jiachen Yang received the M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in Communication and Information Engineering from the Tianjin University, Tianjin, China, in 2005 and 2009, respectively. He is an associate professor at Tianjin University. In 2014, he was a visiting scholar in the Department of Computer Science, School of Science at Loughborough University, UK. His research interests include computational electro-magnetic, wireless power transfer, the designs and applications of active and passive planar antennas, pattern recognition and digital image processing.
Huanling Wang was graduated from Hebei University of Technology in 2015, and holds a bachelor’s degree in Engineering. Currently, she is a postgraduate student at school of Electronic Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China. Her research interests include batch data processing, website construction, machine learning, digital image processing, stereo image feature detection and description, and video processing.
Zhihan Lv was granted Ph.D. degree in Computer applied technology from Ocean university of China (2006–2012). Before that, he has sixteen months full-time research experience at Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS)-UPR9080 in Paris (2010–2011). After then, he has fulfilled two-year postdoc research experience at Umea university and an invited teaching experience at KTH Royal Institute of Technology in Sweden. Since 2012, he held an assistant professor position at Chinese Academy of Science. His research interests include wireless power transfer, the applications of active and passive planar antennas, 3D visualization, and human–computer interaction.
Wei Wei received his Ph.D. and M.S. degrees from Xi’an Jiaotong University in 2011 and 2005, respectively. Currently, he is a lecturer of Computer Science at Xi’an University of Technology. His research interests include computational electromagnetics, wireless sensor networks application, mobile computing, distributed computing, and pervasive computing.
Houbing Song (M’12-SM’14) received the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from the University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, in August 2012, and the M.S. degree in civil engineering from the University of Texas, El Paso, TX, in December 2006. In August 2012, he joined the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, West Virginia University, Montgomery, WV, where he is currently an Assistant Professor and the founding director of both the West Virginia Center of Excellence for Cyber–Physical Systems (WVCECPS) sponsored by the West Virginia Higher Education Policy Commission, and the Security and Optimization for Networked Globe Laboratory (SONG Lab). His research interests lie in the areas of cyber–physical systems, internet of things, cloud computing, big data, connected vehicle, wireless communications and networking, and optical communications and networking. Dr. Song’s research has been supported by the West Virginia Higher Education Policy Commission, Virginia Department of Transportation, and CONSOL Energy Inc. Dr. Song is a senior member of IEEE and a member of ACM. Dr. Song is an associate editor for several international journals, including IEEE Access and KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems, and a guest editor of several special issues. Dr. Song was the general chair of 5 international workshops, including the first IEEE International Workshop on Security and Privacy for Internet of Things and Cyber–Physical Systems (IOT/CPS-Security 2015), held in London, UK, 2nd International Workshop on Mobile Cloud Computing systems, Management, and Security (MCSMS-2016), to be held in Madrid, Spain, and the first/second/third IEEE ICCC International Workshop on Internet of Things (IOT 2013/2014/2015), held in Xi’an/Shanghai/Shenzhen, China. Dr. Song also served as the technical program committee chair of the fourth IEEE International Workshop on Cloud Computing Systems, Networks, and Applications (CCSNA), held in San Diego, USA. Dr. Song has served on the technical program committee for numerous international conferences, including ICC, GLOBECOM, INFOCOM, WCNC, and so on. Dr. Song has published more than 80 academic papers in peer-reviewed international journals and conferences. One of his papers was selected as the focus paper highlighted in IEEE ComSoc Technology News (CTN).
Melike Erol-Kantarci is a tenure-track assistant professor and the founding director of the Networked Systems and Communications Research (NETCORE) laboratory at the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Clarkson University. She is also an affiliated faculty of Institute for a Sustainable Environment (ISE) at Clarkson University. She is a senior member of the IEEE. Prior to joining Clarkson, she was the coordinator of the Smart Grid Communications Lab and a postdoctoral fellow at the School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa, Canada. She received the Ph.D. and M.Sc. degrees in Computer Engineering in 2009 and 2004 from Istanbul Technical University. During her Ph.D. studies, she was a Fulbright visiting researcher at the Computer Science Department of the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA). She has conducted research on underwater sensor networks. Her Ph.D. thesis study is supervised by Professor Sema Oktug from Istanbul Technical University and Professor Mario Gerla from UCLA. She received the B.Sc. degree from the Department of Control and Computer Engineering of the Istanbul Technical University in 2001.
Burak Kantarci is an assistant professor in the Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering at Clarkson University. Prior to joining Clarkson, he worked as a research fellow at the School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science of the University of Ottawa (2009–2014). He is the founding director of the Next Generation Communications and Computing Networks (NEXTCON) Laboratory. He has co-authored over 90 refereed papers in established journals and conferences. He has contributed to nine book chapters that are edited by respected publishers. Currently he has co-edited a book on cloud computing which has been released in 2013. He has delivered invited talks in several venues including IEEE-affiliated conferences. He received the B.Sc., M.Sc., and Ph.D. degrees from Istanbul Technical University in Computer Engineering in 2002, 2005 and 2009, respectively. His Ph.D. thesis was co-supervised by Dr. Hussein Mouftah of the University of Ottawa and Dr. Sema Oktug of Istanbul Technical University.
Shudong He was graduated from Jiangnan University in 2013, and holds a bachelor’s degree in Engineering. She received the M.S degree in school of Electric Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China, in 2016. Her research interests include record, batch data processing, transmit electronic information in financial system, workflow management, network technique, and website construction.