Design and analysis of CMOS RF receiver front-end of LNA for wireless applications

Abstract

This article deals the design and analysis of CMOS RF receiver front-end with the optimization of single-stage and two-stage low noise amplifier (LNA) for wireless applications. The low noise, high gain and better linearity for 3–10 GHz ultra wideband (UWB) wireless applications realized in 45 nm CMOS technology. The novelty of a single-ended and cascaded CMOS LNA designs for multi-standard purposeful for reconfigurable applications. The proposed LNA espouse entire circuit simulations investigation of the results in the center frequency of 3.4GHz. The admirable power gain (S₂₁) is 32.5 dB with high reverse isolation (S₁₂) of$<-43.2\text{dB}$; the preferable noise figure (NF) obtained as 0.9 dB. The perfect matching of input-output impedance for stability has measured to significantly input-output reflection coefficients $S_{11}=-11.6dB,S_{22}=-10.0dB$ respectively while consuming only 11.8 mW from a 1 V supply.

Introduction

Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) for radio frequency (RF) device is worn into every sole thing. For example, radios astronomy, cell phones, Wi-Fi, and wireless LANs were cover 2.4 GHz frequency range are quickly famous in the present scenario [1]. The different standards of communication [2] use different techniques of modulation and are at different operating frequencies. Radio frequency manufacturing has taken a harsh revolutionize since the days of Marchese Marconi [3] who developed the radio transceiver communication. The LNA block is one of the foremost blocks in all types of system receivers. The signals that come from an antenna are comparatively weak like few μV or nV range of the signal. Therefore it needs necessary to amplify the signal using LNA to improve the signal strength shown in Fig. 1 [4].

The basic building block of radio frequency (RF) front-end architecture illustrates in Fig. 1 [5], [6]. Fundamentally, front-ends are liable for tracking feeble signals at high frequency range and through mixer which is translating into IF signal for further section with prominent power range.

For wireless receivers the LNA is an interface between the antenna terminal and the digital modem. Therefore, it desires better-performance of analog circuits like LNA, mixer and oscillator. The leading challenge of LNA circuit is to provide a high gain along with a low noise figure [7]. The IEEE 802.15.4 standard uses 3 major frequency spectrum bands with license-free [8], [7]. They are 860MHz, 920MHz, and 2.4GHz between these bands of frequency spectrum 2.4GHz [9], [10] is being utilized globally. The ultra-wideband, commonly known as UWB, is a band of frequency with more data transmission rate. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) [11] recommends 3–10 GHz as communication links.

The key challenge of low noise amplifier is to offer improved performance with less NF, high gain, and sufficient linearity [12]. The main objective of this paper is to design the LNA of single-stage and two-stage amplifier to improve the high gain, less noise figure, better reverse isolation, and improved linearity [11].