Anatomical correlations of the international 10–20 sensor placement system in infants

doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.05.046

NeuroImage

Volume 99, 1 October 2014, Pages 342-356

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.05.046 Get rights and content

Highlights

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We provided an infant template parcelled in 94 regions.
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We provided probabilistic information on main sulci and generic head measures in infants.
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The 10–20 electrodes placement system projects on the same structures than in adults.
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The main difference between infants and adults was observed for O1–O2 and T5–T6.

Abstract

Developmental research, as well as paediatric clinical activity crucially depends on non-invasive and painless brain recording techniques, such as electroencephalography (EEG), and near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). However, both of these techniques measure cortical activity from the scalp without precise knowledge of the recorded cerebral structures. An accurate and reliable mapping between external anatomical landmarks and internal cerebral structures is therefore fundamental to localise brain sources in a non-invasive way. Here, using MRI, we examined the relations between the 10–20 sensor placement system and cerebral structures in 16 infants (3–17 weeks post-term). We provided an infant template parcelled in 94 regions on which we reported the variability of sensors locations, concurrently with the anatomical variability of six main cortical sulci (superior and inferior frontal sulcus, central sulcus, sylvian fissure, superior temporal sulcus, and intraparietal sulcus) and of the distances between the sensors and important cortical landmarks across these infants. The main difference between infants and adults was observed for the channels O1–O2, T5–T6, which projected over lower structures than in adults. We did not find any asymmetry in the distances between the scalp and the brain envelope. However, because of the Yakovlean torque pushing dorsally and frontally the right sylvian fissure, P3–P4 were not at the same distance from the posterior end of this structure. This study should help to refine hypotheses on functional cognitive development by providing an accurate description of the localization of standardised channels relative to infants' brain structures. Template and atlas are publicly available on our Web site (http://www.unicog.org/pm/pmwiki.php/Site/InfantTemplate).

Section snippets

Subjects

Sixteen healthy full-term infants (mean maturational age, that is, chronological age corrected for the gestational age at birth: 9.0 ± 3.6 weeks, range: 3.4–16.3 weeks; 11 boys, 5 girls) were included in this study after their parents gave written informed consent.

Data acquisition

Infants were naturally asleep during MR imaging (no sedation was used). Particular care was taken to minimise noise exposure, by using customised headphones and by covering the magnet bore with special noise protection foam. The study was

Template atlas

The anatomical parcellation of the template brain is depicted in Fig. 4, with the corresponding labels detailed in Table 1. We additionally computed the surface areas of the 47 regions of interest in each hemisphere.

10–20 standard positions localisation and variability

The standard deviations of the spatial distributions of the 10–20 sensors over the scalp are presented in Table 2, based on the 16 infants normalised to the template, and expressed in the template subject coordinate system. Fig. 5-A and B depict probability maps for sensor locations

Discussion

Our goal was to provide the community of developmental cognitive researchers with an accurate description of the international 10–20 standard electrode locations relative to the underlying cerebral structures in infants, and an anatomical parcellation of a 2-month-old infant brain to localise the brain functional activity once data obtained by EEG or NIRS are registered to this template. As the brain is growing very fast after birth, we limited our age-range to the first four post-natal months

Conclusion

In this study, we presented an infant brain atlas based on a single subject (7.1 week-old girl), complemented with a probabilistic description of the 10–20 standard positions with respect to the underlying brain structures, and a probabilistic model of the sulcal folding patterns. The template and all maps provided in this article can be downloaded (http://www.unicog.org/pm/pmwiki.php/Site/InfantTemplate). We hope that this work will help the community converge to a unified analysis framework

Acknowledgments

This research was supported by La Fondation Motrice, la Fondation de France, la Fondation Bettancourt, la Fondation Fyssen, l'Ecole des Neurosciences de Paris and the McDonnell foundation. The finalisation of this work received support from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007¬2013, grant agreement no. 604102). We are particularly grateful to Neurospin staff for their daily help and at last but not least we thank infants and parents for their participation. We thank the two

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View full text

Anatomical correlations of the international 10–20 sensor placement system in infants

Highlights

Abstract

Section snippets

Subjects

Data acquisition

Template atlas

10–20 standard positions localisation and variability

Discussion

Conclusion

Acknowledgments

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Concepts of myelin and myelination in neuroradiology

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