Improving Massive Access to IoT Gateways

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Abstract

IoT networks handle incoming packets from large numbers of IoT Devices (IoTDs) to IoT Gateways. This can lead to the IoT Massive Access Problem that causes buffer overflow, large end-to-end delays and missed deadlines. This paper analyzes a novel traffic shaping method named the Quasi-Deterministic Traffic Policy (QDTP) that mitigates this problem by shaping the incoming traffic without increasing the end-to-end delay or dropping packets. Using queueing theoretic techniques and extensive data driven simulations with real IoT datasets, the value of QDTP is shown as a means to considerably reduce congestion at the Gateway, and significantly improve the IoT network’s overall performance.

Keywords

Internet of Things (IoT)
Traffic shaping at IoT devices
IoT Gateway congestion
Massive Access Problem
Queueing theory
Quasi Deterministic Transmission Policy (QDTP)

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Erol Gelenbe FIEEE, FACM, FIFIP, FRSS, FIET, was awarded the BS (1966) by METU (Ankara), the MS (1968) and PhD (1970) by the Tandon School, New York University, and DSc (1973) by Sorbonne University. Renowned for pioneering system performance evaluation methods, inventing G-Network queueing models, the Random Neural Network and the Cognitive Packet Network, he contributed industry developments including the Queueing Network Analysis Package, the XANTOS fiber-optics local area network, SYCOMORE the first voice-packet switch, the manufacturing simulator FLEXSIM, and C2 Agents software. Professor at the Institute of Theoretical and Applied Informatics, Polish Academy of Sciences, he previously held chairs at Imperial College, University of Central Florida, Duke University, Université Paris-Descartes and Paris-Saclay, and Université de Liège. He received honorary PhDs from Università di Roma II (1996), Bogazici University (Istanbul, 2004), and Université de Liège (Belgium, 2006), and the Parlar Foundation Science Award (1994), Grand Prix France Télécom (French Acad. of Sciences, 1996), ACM SIGMETRICS Life-Time Achievement Award (2008), IET Oliver Lodge Medal (2010), the “In Memoriam Dennis Gabor Award” (Novofer Foundation, 2013) and the Mustafa Prize (2017). He was elected Fellow of Academia Europaea, the French National Acad. of Technologies, the Science Acad. of Turkey, the Royal Acad. of Belgium, the Hungarian and Polish Academies of Science. Awarded Chevalier de la Légion d’Honneur, Chevalier des Palmes Académiques, Commandeur du Mérite by France, and Commendatore al Merito and Grande Ufficiale dell’Ordine della Stella by Italy, he serves as associate editor of IEEE Trans. Cloud Computing, Acta Informatica and Performance Evaluation. Principal Investigator of several European Union research projects, Coordinator of FP7 NEMESYS and H2020 SerIoT, he has also won grants from the National Science Foundation, ONR, ARO, the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, and industry.

Mert Nakip obtained his B.Sc. degree, with graduation rank #1, from the Electrical-Electronics Engineering at Yaşar University (Izmir, Turkey) in 2018. His design of a multi-sensor fire detector via machine learning methods was ranked #1 nationally at the Industry-Focused Undergraduate Graduation Projects Competition organized by TÜBİTAK (Turkish Scientific and Technological Research Council). He completed his M. Sc. thesis in Electrical-Electronics Engineering at Yaşar University (Izmir, Turkey) in 2020. His thesis focused on the application of machine learning methods to IoT and was supported by the National Graduate Scholarship Program of TÜBİTAK 2210C in High-Priority Technological Areas. He is currently a Research Assistant and a Ph.D. candidate at the Institute of Theoretical and Applied Informatics, Polish Academy of Sciences (Gliwice, Poland). He also participates in European Commission H2020 Program under the IoTAC Research and Innovation Action as a researcher.

Tadeusz Czachorski received the M.Sc., Ph.D., D.Sc. degrees in informatics respectively in 1972, 1979, 1988, and the Professor title in 1999. Currently he the Director of the Institute of Theoretical and Applied Informatics of Polish Academy of Sciences, IITiS PAN, Gliwice, Poland. He is a member of Committe of Infotmatics Polish Academy of Sciences and chair of IFIP Technical committee on Information Technology Applications. He spent more than five years at several French universities and research institutes (IRISA Rennes, University of Versailles, ISEM Orsay Paris-Sud, Paris-Nord, National Institute of Telecommunication). Recently he took part in three EU projects related to security of IoT. His scientific interests comprise mathematical methods and software related to modelling and performance evaluation of wide area computer networks, especially the Internet and Internet of Things (IoT). The methods include Markov chains, diffusion approximation and fluid flow approximation. They are used to study quality of service, traffic control mechanisms and related problems.

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Also with Laboratoire I3S CNRS, Université Côte d’Azur, 06100 Nice, France, and Yaşar University, 3500 Bornova/Izmir, Turkey.