Bond graph modelling of a photovoltaic system feeding an induction motor-pump

doi:10.1016/j.simpat.2007.08.003

Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory

Volume 15, Issue 10, November 2007, Pages 1224-1238

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.simpat.2007.08.003 Get rights and content

Abstract

Water pumping using induction motors has become one of the most feasible photovoltaic (PV) applications. A bond graph model to enable testing the PV system performance by computer simulation was developed. The PV-powered water pumping system investigated in this paper consists mainly of a PV generator, DC–DC and DC–AC converters, and induction motor-pump. The DC–DC converter control strategy is based on pulse width modulation (PWM). However, the oriented field control is used for the induction machine control. Computer simulations were carried out for maximum power point tracking (MPPT).

Introduction

The increasing demand of water in rural zones and isolated sites made that a growing interest is done to the utilization of photovoltaic (PV) generator as energy source for several motor-pumps. In fact, the realization of autonomous, reliable pumping systems with a good efficiency, gives a practical and economical solution to the water lack problem in desert regions.

The modelling of photovoltaic system elements is an indispensable and important step that must precede any application of sizing, identification or simulation. Different models developed for PV applications were presented in several papers [7], [15], [17], [5], [10], [16].

The photovoltaic system modelling is complex, it is why we propose the use of bond graph (BG) methodology which permits the decomposition of the system into subsystems exchanging energy, and to represent several physic domains (electricity, mechanical, hydraulic, etc.) with an unified way.

This paper presents the PV system behaviour modelling by bond graph approach. We present the bond graph models of each PV system element as the PV generator, the DC–DC and DC–AC converters, and the asynchronous motor-pump. The association of the above models permits to get the global bond graph model of the studied PV system. A control algorithm for the PV system will be also presented in closed loop.

Section snippets

Bond graph modelling of the photovoltaic system

The schematic block of PV pumping system is given by Fig. 1. For the PV system modelling, we used the bond graph tool which constitutes an intermediate between the physical system and its mathematical models (matrix of transfer, state equations, etc.). Bond graph modelling is often used for systems simulation. Fundamentals as well as more advanced aspects of the bond graph methodology may be found in recently published textbooks [11], [20], [21], [22], [23].

Study of the photovoltaic system in closed loop

The control technique used in this part is a vectorial one. It’s based on field orientation control of the rotor flux of the asynchronous machine. For this control, in reference d–q, the rotor flux is placed in d-axis and the stator current in q-axis.

Contrary to the separate excitation DC motor where the flux is constant and offers a large range of speed variation, the electromagnetic torque of the asynchronous machine is not proportional to flux, which involves oscillations on motor during the

Simulation results of the PV system in closed loop

The speed and flux references are respectively: Ω_m0 = 300 rd/s = 2866 rpm, Φ_r0 = 0.932 Wb. The photovoltaic generator is characterized (at an illumination of 1000 W/m²), by an opened circuit voltage V_c0 = 471 V, an optimal operation point M (378 V; 2,27 A), and I_pH = 2.47 A I_s = 8.143 × 10⁻⁶ A, V_T = 37.5 V.

The Asynchronous motor-pump is characterized by:

Numbers of poles: 2,
Nominal voltage: 230/400 V,
Nominal current: 1.6 A,
Nominal power output: 750 W,
Nominal speed: 2866 rpm,
Nominal frequency: 50 Hz,
Total moment of inertia, J:

Conclusion

In this paper we have presented a bond graph model of a photovoltaic structure made up of a photovoltaic generator, a Maximum Power Point Tracking converter supplying an asynchronous motor-pump. The use of the software “20-sim pro 2.3” [19] permit to study the mechanical responses of the motor-pump as well as the behaviour of the photovoltaic generator. The analysis of the closed loop system by a vectorial control, improved considerably the system responses. It became faster, more precise and

Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to the two anonymous referees for their useful comments and suggestions which have helped to improve the paper.

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Bond graph modelling of a photovoltaic system feeding an induction motor-pump

Abstract

Introduction

Section snippets

Bond graph modelling of the photovoltaic system

Study of the photovoltaic system in closed loop

Simulation results of the PV system in closed loop

Conclusion

Acknowledgements

Applied Energy

Renewable Energy

Journal of the Franklin Institute

Renewable Energy

Performance optimization of induction motor-pump system using photovoltaic energy source

IEEE Transaction on Industry Applications

Integrated photovoltaic maximum power point tracking converter

IEEE Transaction on Industrial Electronics

Integrated photovoltaic maximum power point tracking converter

IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics