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BEING LOW ALONG A SEQUENCE AND ELSEWHERE

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 January 2019

WOLFGANG MERKLE  and
LIANG YU
WOLFGANG MERKLE
Affiliation:
INSTITUTE OF COMPUTER SCIENCE HEIDELBERG UNIVERSITY IM NEUENHEIMER FELD 205, 69120 HEIDELBERG GERMANYE-mail: merkle@math.uni-heidelberg.de
LIANG YU
Affiliation:
DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS NANJING UNIVERSITY JIANGSU PROVINCE 210093 P. R. OF CHINAE-mail: yuliang.nju@gmail.com
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Abstract

Let an oracle be called low for prefix-free complexity on a set in case access to the oracle improves the prefix-free complexities of the members of the set at most by an additive constant. Let an oracle be called weakly low for prefix-free complexity on a set in case the oracle is low for prefix-free complexity on an infinite subset of the given set. Furthermore, let an oracle be called low and weakly for prefix-free complexity along a sequence in case the oracle is low and weakly low, respectively, for prefix-free complexity on the set of initial segments of the sequence. Our two main results are the following characterizations. An oracle is low for prefix-free complexity if and only if it is low for prefix-free complexity along some sequences if and only if it is low for prefix-free complexity along all sequences. An oracle is weakly low for prefix-free complexity if and only if it is weakly low for prefix-free complexity along some sequence if and only if it is weakly low for prefix-free complexity along almost all sequences. As a tool for proving these results, we show that prefix-free complexity differs from its expected value with respect to an oracle chosen uniformly at random at most by an additive constant, and that similar results hold for related notions such as a priori probability. Furthermore, we demonstrate that on every infinite set almost all oracles are weakly low but are not low for prefix-free complexity, while by Shoenfield absoluteness there is an infinite set on which uncountably many oracles are low for prefix-free complexity. Finally, we obtain no-gap results, introduce weakly low reducibility, or WLK-reducibility for short, and show that all its degrees except the greatest one are countable.

Keywords

03D2803D3003D3268Q30Kolmogorov complexityrandomnesslowness
Type
Articles
Information
The Journal of Symbolic Logic , Volume 84 , Issue 2 , June 2019 , pp. 497 - 516
Copyright
Copyright © The Association for Symbolic Logic 2019 

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