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Turán and Ramsey Properties of Subcube Intersection Graphs

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 October 2012

J. ROBERT JOHNSON
Affiliation:
School of Mathematical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK (e-mail: r.johnson@qmul.ac.uk)
KLAS MARKSTRÖM
Affiliation:
Department of Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics, Umeå University, Umeå 901 87, Sweden (e-mail: klas.markstrom@math.umu.se)

Abstract

The discrete cube {0, 1}d is a fundamental combinatorial structure. A subcube of {0, 1}d is a subset of 2k of its points formed by fixing k coordinates and allowing the remaining dk to vary freely. This paper is concerned with patterns of intersections among subcubes of the discrete cube. Two sample questions along these lines are as follows: given a family of subcubes in which no r + 1 of them have non-empty intersection, how many pairwise intersections can we have? How many subcubes can we have if among them there are no k which have non-empty intersection and no l which are pairwise disjoint?

These questions are naturally expressed using intersection graphs. The intersection graph of a family of sets has one vertex for each set in the family with two vertices being adjacent if the corresponding subsets intersect. Let $\I(n,d)$ be the set of all n vertex graphs which can be represented as the intersection graphs of subcubes in {0, 1}d. With this notation our first question above asks for the largest number of edges in a Kr+1-free graph in $\I(n,d)$. As such it is a Turán-type problem. We answer this question asymptotically for some ranges of r and d. More precisely we show that if $(k+1)2^{\lfloor\frac{d}{k+1}\rfloor}<n\leq k2^{\lfloor\frac{d}{k}\rfloor}$ for some integer k ≥ 2 then the maximum edge density is $\bigl(1-\frac{1}{k}-o(1)\bigr)$ provided that n is not too close to the lower limit of the range.

The second question can be thought of as a Ramsey-type problem. The maximum such n can be defined in the same way as the usual Ramsey number but only considering graphs which are in $\I(n,d)$. We give bounds for this maximum n mainly concentrating on the case that l is fixed, and make some comparisons with the usual Ramsey number.

Type
Paper
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2012

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