Abstract
One of the important issues in the design of future generation high-speed networks is the provision of real-time services to different types of traffic with various time constraints. In this paper we study the problem of providing real-time service to hard and soft real-time messages in Wavelength-Division-Multiplexing (WDM) optical networks. We propose a set of scheduling algorithms which prioritize and manage message transmissions in single-hop WDM passive star networks based on specific message time constraints. In particular, we develop time-based priority schemes for scheduling message transmissions in order to increase the real-time performance of a WDM network topology. We formulated an analytical model and conducted extensive discrete-event simulations to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithms. We compared their performances with that of the state-of-the-art WDM scheduling algorithms which typically do not consider the time constraint of the transmitted messages. This study suggests that when scheduling real-time messages in WDM networks, one has to consider not only the problem of resources allocation in the network but also the problem of sequencing messages based on their time constraints.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
B. Mukherjee, WDM-based Local Lightwave Networks-Part I: Single-Hop Systems, IEEE Network, (May 1992), pp. 12–27.
B. Mukherjee, WDM-based Local Lightwave Networks-Part II: Multi-Hop Systems, IEEE Network, (July 1992), pp. 20–32.
K. Bogineni, K. M. Sivalingam, P.W. Dowd, Low-Complexity Multiple Access Protocols for Wavelength-Division Multiplexed Photonic Networks, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas of Communications, vol. 11, no.4, (May 1993), pp. 590–603.
A. Gantz, Y. Gao, Time-Wavelength Assignment Algorithms for High Performance WDM Star Based Systems, IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 42, no.2–3–4, (Feb/ Mar/April 1994), pp. 1827–1836.
G. N. Rouskas, M. H. Ammar, Analysis and Optimization of Transmission Schedules for Single-Hop WDM Networks, IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, vol. 3, no.2, (April 1995), pp. 211–221.
M. S. Borella, B. Mukherjee, Efficient Scheduling of Nonuniform Packet Traffic in a WDM/TDM Local Lightwave Network with Arbitrary Transceiver Tuning Latencies, Proceedings of IEEE INFOCOM'95, (April 2–6, 1995), Boston, Massachusettes, USA, pp. 129–137.
K. Bogineni, P. W. Dowd, A Collisionless Multiple Access Protocol for a Wavelength Division Multiplexed Star-Coupled Configuration: Architecture and Performance Analysis, Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol. 10, no.11, (November 1992), pp. 1688–1699.
R. Chipalkatti, Z. Zhang, A. S. Acampora, Protocols for Optical Star-Coupler Network using WDM: Performance and Complexity Study, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas of Communications, vol. 11, no.4, (May 1993), pp. 579–589.
F. Jia, B. Mukherjee, J. Iness, Scheduling Variable-Length Messages in a Single-Hop Multichannel Local Lightwave Network, IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, vol. 3, no.4, (August 1995), pp. 477–487.
C. S. Li, M. S. Chen, F. F. K. Tong, POSMAC: A Medium Access Protocol for Packet-Switched Passive Optical Networks using WDMA, Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol. 11, no.5–6, (May/June 1993), pp. 1066–1077.
N. Mehravari, Performance and Protocol Improvements for Very High-Speed Optical Fiber Local Area Networks using a Passive Star Topology, Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol. 8, no.4, (April 1990), pp. 520–530.
Anlu Yan, Aura Ganz, C. M. Krishna, A Distributed Adaptive Protocol Providing Real-Time Services on WDM-based LANs, Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol. 14, no.6, (June 1996), pp. 1245–1254.
C. C. Yu, S. Bhattacharya, Dynamic Scheduling of Real-Time Messages over an Optical Network, in Proceedings of Sixth International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks, 1997, Las Vegas, USA, pp. 336–339.
W. Zhao, J. A. Stankovic, Performance analysis of FCFS and improved FCFS scheduling algorithms for dynamic real-time computer systems, in Proc. 10th Real-Time Sys. Symp., (Dec. 5–7, 1989), Santa Monica, CA, USA, pp. 156–165.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ma, M., Hamidzadeh, B. & Hamdi, M. Efficient Scheduling Algorithms for Real-Time Service on WDM Optical Networks. Photonic Network Communications 1, 161–178 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010075023391
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010075023391