Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Impact of Polarization Mode Dispersion in Multi-Hop and Multi-Rate WDM Rings

  • Published:
Photonic Network Communications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Fiber polarization mode dispersion (PMD) is perhaps the most critical transmission impairment in optical networks at transmission rates of 10 Gb/s and higher. Since the bandwidth-distance product, or transparency,of the optical circuit is limited by PMD, the overall network design and cost may be significantly altered by the actual fiber PMD values. The paper has three objectives. First, an accurate model for evaluating the PMD effects is presented and verified experimentally. Second, the cost increase of WDM rings due to PMD in a number of design scenarios—first generation, single-hop,multi-hop, and multi-rate networks—is assessed. Third, the polynomial-time algorithm proposed in Cerutti et al. [1] is modified to provide sub-optimal solutions for the above WDM rings, taking into account the limited bandwidth-distance product imposed by PMD. Presented results reveal that at high transmission rates, the cost of the multi-hop ring is less affected by PMD than the costs of first generation and single-hop rings.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. I. Cerutti, A. Fumagalli, M. Tacca, A. Lardies, R. Jagannathan, The multi-hop multi-rate wavelength division multiplexing ring, Journal of Lightwave Technology-special issue on “Optical Networks”, IEEE/OSA Journal, vol. 18,no. 12, (Dec. 2000), pp. 1649-1656.

    Google Scholar 

  2. R. Ramaswami, K. N. Sivarajan, Optical Networks: a practical perspective. (Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Inc., 2002).

  3. B. Mukherjee, WDM-based local lightwave networks-Part I single-hop systems, IEEE Networks, vol. 6, (May 1992), pp. 12-26.

  4. B. Mukherjee, WDM-based local lightwave networks-Part II multi-hop systems, IEEE Networks, vol. 7, (July 1992), pp. 20-32.

  5. K. Zhu, B. Mukherjee, Traffic grooming in an optical WDM mesh network, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 20,no. 1, (Jan. 2002), pp. 122-133.

    Google Scholar 

  6. G. P. Agrawal, Fiber-Optic Communication Systems, third ed. (Wiley, 2002).

  7. I. Cerutti, A. Fumagalli, M. J. Potasek, Effects of chromatic dispersion and self-phase modulation in multi-hop multi-rate WDM rings, Photonics Technology Letters, IEEE Photonics, vol. 14,no. 3, (March 2002), pp. 411-413.

    Google Scholar 

  8. K. Suzuki, N. Shibata, Y. Ishida, Polarization-mode dispersion as a bandwidth limiting factor in a long-haul single-mode optical transmission system, Electronics Letters, vol. 19,no. 17, (1983), pp. 689-691.

    Google Scholar 

  9. H. Sunnerud, C. Xie, M. Karlsson, R. Samuelsson, P. A. Andrekson, A comparison between different PMD compensation techniques, Journal of Lightwave Technology, IEEE/OSA Journal, vol. 20,no. 3, (March 2002), pp. 368-378.

    Google Scholar 

  10. R. Khosravani, S. A. Havstad, Y. W. Song, P. Ebrahimi, A. E. Willner, Polarization-mode dispersion compensation in WDM systems, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, vol. 13,no. 12, (2001), pp. 1370-1372.

    Google Scholar 

  11. M. Ali, L. Tancevski, Impact of polarization-mode dispersion on the design of wavelength-routed networks, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, vol. 14,no. 5, (May 2002), pp. 720-722.

    Google Scholar 

  12. C. D. Poole, R. E. Wagner, Phenomenological approach to polarization mode dispersion in long single-mode fibers, Electronics Letters, vol. 22,no. 17, (1986), pp. 1029-1030.

    Google Scholar 

  13. G. J. Foschini, C. D. Poole, Statistical theory of polarization dispersion in single mode fibers, Journal of Lightwave Technology, IEEE/OSA Journal, vol. 9,no. 11, (Sept. 1991), pp. 1439-1456.

    Google Scholar 

  14. D. Marcuse, C. R. Menyuk, P. K. A. Wai, Application of the Manakov-PMD equation to studies of signal propagation in optical fibers with randomly varying birefringence, Journal of Lightwave Technology, IEEE/OSA Journal, vol. 15,no. 9, (Sept. 1997), pp. 1735-1746.

    Google Scholar 

  15. H. F. Haunstein, H. M. Kallert, Influence of PMD on the performance of optical transmission systems in the presence of PDL, Proceedings of OFC (2001), vol. 3, pp. wt4-1-wt4-3. Anaheim, CA, USA, March 2001.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Optical Networking Advanced Research (OpNeAR) Lab, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75083, USA

    Isabella Cerutti, Andrea Fumagalli, Rajmohan Rajagopalan, Miriam Regina Xavier De Barros & Sandro Marcelo Rossi

Authors
  1. Isabella Cerutti
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Andrea Fumagalli
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Rajmohan Rajagopalan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Miriam Regina Xavier De Barros
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Sandro Marcelo Rossi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Cerutti, I., Fumagalli, A., Rajagopalan, R. et al. Impact of Polarization Mode Dispersion in Multi-Hop and Multi-Rate WDM Rings. Photonic Network Communications 5, 259–271 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023092203663

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023092203663

Search

Navigation