Interval-based Clock Synchronization

Abstract

In this paper, we develop and analyze a simple interval-based algorithm suitable for fault-tolerant external clock synchronization. Unlike usual internal synchronization approaches, our convergence function-based algorithm provides approximately synchronized clocks maintaining both precision and accuracy w.r.t. external time. This is accomplished by means of a time representation relying on intervals that capture external time, providing accuracy information encoded in interval lengths. The algorithm, which is generic w.r.t. the convergence function and relies on either instantaneous correction or continuous amortization for clock adjustment, is analyzed by utilizing a novel, interval-based framework for establishing worst-case precision and accuracy bounds subject to a fairly detailed system model. Apart from individual clock rate and transmission delay bounds, our system model incorporates non-standard features like clock granularity and broadcast latencies as well. Relying on a suitable notion of internal global time, our analysis unifies treatment of precision and accuracy, ending up in striking conceptual beauty and expressive power.