Skip to main content
Log in

Hohfeld in cyberspace and other applications of normative reasoning in agent technology

  • Published:
Artificial Intelligence and Law Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Two areas of importance for agents and multiagent systems are investigated: design of agent programming languages, and design of agent communication languages. The paper contributes in the above mentioned areas by demonstrating improved or novel applications for deontic logic and normative reasoning. Examples are taken from computer-supported cooperative work, and electronic commerce.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Marc Andreessen 1996. The future of microcomputers, Byte.

  2. Ronald M. Baecker (ed.) 1993. Readings in Groupware and Computer-Supported Cooperative Work, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Inc..

  3. Joseph Bates 1994. The role of emotion in believable agents. Technical Report CMU-CS-94-136, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Nuel Belnap 1991. Backwards and forwards in the modal logic of agency, Philosophical and Phenomenological Research, LI.

  5. James B. Brady 1972. Law, language and logic: The legal philosophy of Wesley Newcomb Hohfeld, Transactions of the Charles S. Peirce Society, 8, 246-263.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Ulf Carlsen 1994. Formal Specification and Analysis of Cryptographic Protocols, PhD thesis, l'Université Paris XI — Orsay.

  7. Cory Casanave 1996. Business-object architectures and standards. Technical Report, Business Object Domain Task Force, OMG.

  8. Fernando Flores, Michael Graves, Brad Hartfield, & Terry Winograd 1988. Computer systems and the design of organizational interaction, Transactions of Office Information Systems 6(2), 153-172.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Don Gilbert, Manny Aparicio, Betty Atkinson, Steve Brady, Joe Ciccarino, Benjamin Grosof, Pat O'Connor, Damian Osisek, Steve Pritko, Rick Spagna, & Les Wilson 1995. Ibm intelligent agent strategy. White paper.

  10. Agent Interop Working Group 1997. Draft report of ‘design workshop on open intelligent agent platforms and protocols’ — first meeting of the agent interop working group. http://www.agent.org/society/meetings/workshop9702/report.html

  11. Henning Herrestad & Christen Krogh 1995. Obligations directed from bearers to counterparties. In Proceedings from ICAIL'95, ACM Press, Washington, pp. 210-218.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Wesley Newcomb Hohfeld 1966. Fundamental Legal Conceptions as Applied in Judicial Reasoning and Other Legal Essays, Yale University Press, New Haven, Connecticut.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Andrew J.I. Jones & M. Sergot 1993. On the characterization of law and computer systems: The normative systems perspective. In J.-J. Meyer & R.J. Wieringa (eds.), Deontic Logic in Computer Science — Normative System Specification, John Wiley, Chichester.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Stig Kanger 1957. New foundations for ethical theory. Technical Report, Stockholm University, Stockholm.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Stig Kanger 1972. Law and logic, Theoria 38, 105-132.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Stig Kanger 1985. On realization of human rights. In G. Holmström & A.J.I. Jones (eds.), Action, Logic, and Social Theory, Acta Philosophica Fennica, Vol. 38, Helsinki, pp. 71-78.

  17. Stig Kanger & Helle Kanger 1966. Rights and parliamentarism, Theoria 6(2), 85-115.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Christen Krogh 1997. Normative Structures in Natural and Artificial Systems, PhD thesis, Department of Philosophy, University of Oslo.

  19. Christen Krogh & Henning Herrestad 1996. Getting personal. In Mark A. Brown & José Carmo (eds.), Deontic Logic, Agency and Normative Systems, Workshops in Computing, Springer, Berlin, pp. 134-153.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Bruce T. Krulwich 1996. The bargainfinder agent: Comparing price shopping on the internet. In Joseph Williams (ed.), Bots and other internet beasties, SAMS.NET, Macmillan, pp. 258-263.

  21. Kum-Yew Lai, Thomas W. Malone & Keh-Chiang Yu 1977. Object lens: A “spreadsheet” for cooperative work. Transactions of office information systems 6(4), 332-353.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Stanislaw Lem 1977. Mortal Engines, Avon Bookes, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Lars Lindahl. Position and Change, D. Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht, Holland.

  24. P. Maes 1995. Intelligent software, Scientific American 273(3).

  25. David Makinson 1986. On the formal representation of rights relations. Journal of Philosophical Logic 15, 403-425.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Lee Marshall 1997. Kill your browser, Wired Magazine 5(3). http://www.wired.com/wired/5.03/features/ff-push.html

  27. Nilsen Media 1997. Press release, march. http://www.commerce.net/nielsen/press-97.html

  28. Clifford Nass, Moon Youngme, B.J. Fogg, Byron Reeves, and D. Christopher Dryer 1995. Can computer personalities be human personalities, int. J. Human-Computer Studies 43, 223-239.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Yoav Shoham 1990. Agent-oriented programming (revised). Technical Report STAN-CS-1335-90, Computer Science Department, Stanford University.

  30. Yoav Shoham 1991. Implementing the intentional stance. In R. Cummins & J. Pollock (eds.), Philosophy and AI: Essays at the Interface, MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusets, pp. 261-277.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Yoav Shoham 1993. Agent-oriented programming, Artificial Intelligence 60, 51-92.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Roy Stone 1963. An analysis of Hohfeld, Minnesota Law Review 48, 312-337.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Nils Kristian Sundby 1974. Om Normer, Universitetsforlaget.

  34. Mark C. Torrance & Paul A. Viola 1991. The Agent0 manual. User manual, Computer Science Department, Stanford University.

  35. S. Virdhagriswaran, D. Osisek & P. O'Connor. Standardizing agent technology, Standard View 3(3), 96-101.

  36. P. Wayner & A. Joch. Agents of change. Byte.

  37. Webster 1913. Webster Dictionary.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Krogh, C., Herrestad, H. Hohfeld in cyberspace and other applications of normative reasoning in agent technology. Artificial Intelligence and Law 7, 81–96 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008367514393

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008367514393

Navigation