Abstract
Large classes of data association problems in multiple targettracking applications involving both multiple and single sensorsystems can be formulated as multidimensional assignment problems.These NP-hard problems are large scale and sparse with noisyobjective function values, but must be solved in“real-time”. Lagrangian relaxation methods have proven to beparticularly effective in solving these problems to the noise levelin real-time, especially for dense scenarios and for multiple scansof data from multiple sensors. This work presents a new class ofconstructive Lagrangian relaxation algorithms that circumvent some ofthe deficiencies of previous methods. The results of severalnumerical studies demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of thenew algorithm class.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
E. Balas and M. J. Saltzman, "An Algorithm for the Three-Index Assignment Problem," Operations Research, Vol. 39, No. 1, 1991, pp. 150–161.
E. Balas and M. J. Saltzman, "Facets of the Three-Index Assignment Polytope," Discrete Applied Mathematics, Vol. 23, 1989, pp. 201–229.
H. Bandelt, Y. Crama and F. C. R. Spieksma, "Approximation algorithms for multi-dimensional assignment problems with decomposable costs," Discrete Applied Mathematics, Vol. 49, 1994, pp. 25–50.
T. N. Barker, J.A. Persichetti, A. B. Poore and N. Rijavec, Method and System for Tracking Multiple Regional Objects, US Patent Number 5,406,289, issued 11 April 1995.
D. P. Bertsekas and D. A. Castañon, "A Forward/Reverse Auction Algorithm for Asymmetric Assignment Problems," Computational Optimization and Applications, Vol. 1, 1992, pp. 277–297.
Y. Crama and F. C. R. Spieksma, "Approximation algorithms for three-dimensional assignment problems with triangle inequalities," European Journal of Operational Research, Vol. 60, 1992, pp. 273–279.
S. Deb, K. R. Pattipati and Y. Bar-Shalom, "A S-dimensional Assignment Algorithm for Track Initiation," Proceedings of the IEEE Systems Conference, Kobe, Japan, Sept., 1992, pp. 127–130.
S. Deb, K. R. Pattipati, Y. Bar-Shalom and H. Tsanakis, "A new algorithm for the generalized multidimensional assignment problem", Proc. IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Chicago, 1992, pp. 132–136.
T. A. Feo, M. G. C. Resende, and S. H. Smith, "A Greedy Randomized Adaptive Search Procedure for Maximum Independent Set," Operations Research, Vol. 42, No. 5, 1994, pp. 860–878.
A. M. Frieze and J. Yadegar, "An Algorithm for Solving 3-Dimensional Assignment Problems with Application to Scheduling a Teaching Practice," Journal of the Operational Research Society, Vol. 32, 1981, pp. 989–995.
M. R. Garey and D. S. Johnson, Computers and Intractability,W. H. Freeman and Company, San Francisco, CA, 1979.
J. L. Goffin, "On Convergence Rates of Subgradient Optimization Methods," Mathematical Programming, Vol. 13, 1977, pp. 329–347.
J.-B. Hiriart-Urruty and C. Lemaréchal, Convex Analysis and Minimization Algorithms I & II, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1993.
K. C. Kiwiel, Methods of Descent for Nondifferentiable Optimization, in Lecture Notes in Mathematics 1133, A. Dold and B. Eckmann, eds., Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1985.
15. C. Lemaréchal and R. Mifflin, eds., Nonsmooth Optimization, Pergamon Press, Oxford, UK, 1978.
Y. Li, P. Pardalos and M. Resende, "A Greedy Randomized Search Procedure for the Quadratic Assignment Problem," in P. Pardalos and H. Wolkowicz, eds., DIMACS Series on Discrete Mathematics and Theoretical Computer Science, Vol. 16, American Mathematical Society, 1994, pp. 237–261.
C. H. Papadimitriou and K. Steiglitz, Combinatorial Optimization: Algorithms and Complexity, Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1982.
P. M. Pardalos, L. Pitsoulis and M. Resende, "A Parallel GRASP Implementation for the Quadratic Assignment Problem," in A. Ferreira and J. Rolim, eds., Solving Irregular Problems in Parallel: State of the Art, Kluwer Academic Publishers B. V., Boston, MA, 1995, pp. 111–128.
P. M. Pardalos, A. Phillips and J. B. Rosen, Topics in Parallel Computing in Mathematical Programming, Science Press, New York, NY, 1992.
J. Pearl, Heuristics: Intelligent Search Strategies for Computer Problem Solving, Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1984.
W. Pierskalla, "The Tri-Substitution Method for the Three-Dimensional Assignment Problem," Journal du CORS, Vol. 5, 1967, pp. 71–81.
B. T. Polyak, "Subgradient Method: A Survey of Soviet Research," in [15].
A. B. Poore, "Multidimensional Assignments and Multitarget Tracking," in Partitioning Data Sets, I. J. Cox, P. Hansen, and B. Julesz, eds., DIMACS Series in Discrete Mathematics and Theoretical Computer Science, American Mathematical Society, Providence, R.I., v. 19, 1995, pp. 169–198.
A. B. Poore, "Multidimensional assignment formulation of data association problems arising from multitarget tracking and multisensor data fusion," Computational Optimization and Applications, 3, 1994, pp. 27–57.
Aubrey B. Poore, Jr., Method and System for Tracking Multiple Regional Objects by Multi-Dimensional Relaxation, US Patent Number 5537119, issued on 16 July. (Assignee: Colorado State University Research Foundation, Fort Collins, CO.)
A. B. Poore and N. Rijavec, "A Numerical Study of Some Data Association Problems Arising in Multitarget Tracking," in Large Scale Optimization: State of the Art,W.W. Hager, D.W. Hearn and P.M Pardalos, eds., Kluwer Academic Publishers B. V., Boston, MA, 1994, pp. 339–361.
A. B. Poore and N. Rijavec, "Partitioning multiple data sets: multidimensional assignments and Lagrangian relaxation," in Quadratic Assignment and Related Problems, P. M. Pardalos and H. Wolkowicz, eds., DIMACS series in Discrete Mathematics and Theoretical Computer Science, Vol. 16, American Mathematical Society, Providence, R.I., 1994, pp. 25–37.
A. B. Poore and N. Rijavec, "A Lagrangian Relaxation Algorithm for Multidimensional Assignment Problems Arising from Multitarget Tracking," SIAM Journal of Optimization, Vol. 3, No. 3, August, 1993, pp. 544–563.
A. B. Poore, A. J. Robertson III and P. J. Shea, "A New Class of Lagrangian Relaxation Based Algorithms for Fast Data Association in Multiple Hypothesis Tracking Applications," in Signal Processing, Sensor Fusion, and Target Recognition IV, I. Kadar and V. Libby, eds., Proceedings of SPIE, Orlando, FL, 1995.
C. R. Reeves ed., Modern Heuristic Techniques for Combinatorial Problems, Halstead Press, Wiley, New York, NY, 1993.
A. J. Robertson III, " A Class of Lagrangian Relaxation Algorithms for the Multidimensional Assignment Problem," Ph.D. Thesis, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO, 1995.
H. Schramm and J. Zowe, "A Version of the Bundle Idea for Minimizing a Nonsmooth Function: Conceptual Idea, Convergence Analysis, Numerical Results," SIAM Journal on Optimization, Vol. 2, No. 1, February, 1992, pp. 121–152.
N. Z. Shor, Minimization Methods for Non-Differentiable Functions, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1985.
P. Wolfe, "A Method of Conjugate Subgradients for Minimizing Nondifferentiable Functions," Mathematical Programming Study 3, 1975, pp. 145–173.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Poore, A.B., Robertson III, A.J. A New Lagrangian Relaxation Based Algorithm for a Class of Multidimensional Assignment Problems. Computational Optimization and Applications 8, 129–150 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008669120497
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008669120497