Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Transmission-Efficient Routing in Wireless Networks Using Link-State Information

  • Published:
Mobile Networks and Applications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The efficiency with which the routing protocol of a multihop packet-radio network uses transmission bandwidth is critical to the ability of the network nodes to conserve energy. We present and verify the source-tree adaptive routing (STAR) protocol, which we show through simulation experiments to be far more efficient than both table-driven and on-demand routing protocols proposed for wireless networks in the recent past. A router in STAR communicates to its neighbors the parameters of its source routing tree, which consists of each link that the router needs to reach every destination. To conserve transmission bandwidth and energy, a router transmits changes to its source routing tree only when the router detects new destinations, the possibility of looping, or the possibility of node failures or network partitions. Simulation results show that STAR is an order of magnitude more efficient than any topology-broadcast protocol proposed to date and depending on the scenario is up to six times more efficient than the Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) protocol, which has been shown to be one of the best performing on-demand routing protocols.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. S. Basagni et al., A distance routing effect algorithm for mobility (DREAM), in: Proc. ACMMOBICOM 98, Dallas, TX (October 1998) pp. 76–84.

  2. V. Bharghavan, A. Demers, S. Shenker and L. Zhang, MACAW: A media access protocol for wireless LAN's, in: Proc. ACM SIGCOMM 94, London, UK (August 31-September 2, 1994).

  3. J. Behrens and J.J. Garcia-Luna-Aceves, Hierarchical routing using link vectors, in: Proc. IEEE INFOCOM 98, San Francisco, California (March 29-April 2, 1998).

  4. D. Bertsekas and R. Gallager, Data Networks, 2nd edition (Prentice-Hall, 1992).

  5. J. Broch et al., A performance comparison of multi-hop wireless ad hoc network routing protocols, in: Proc. ACM MOBICOM 98, Dallas, TX (October 1998).

  6. J. Broch et al., The dynamic source routing protocol for mobile ad hoc networks, draft-ietf-manet-dsr-01.txt (December 1998) (work in progress).

  7. The CMU Monarch Project, Wireless and mobility extensions to ns-2, Snapshot 1.0.0-beta, http://www.monarch.cs.cmu.edu/cmu-ns.html (August 1998).

  8. R. Dube et al., Signal stability-based adaptive routing (SSA) for ad-hoc mobile networks, IEEE Personal Communications (February 1997).

  9. C.L. Fullmer and J.J. Garcia-Luna-Aceves, Solutions to hidden terminal problems in wireless networks, in: Proc. ACM SIGCOMM 97, Cannes, France (September 14-18, 1997).

  10. J.J. Garcia-Luna-Aceves and J. Behrens, Distributed, scalable routing based on vectors of link states, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 13(8) (1995).

  11. J.J. Garcia-Luna-Aceves et al., Wireless Internet gateways (WINGS), in: Proc. IEEE MILCOM'97, Monterey, California (November 1997).

  12. J.J. Garcia-Luna-Aceves and M. Spohn, Scalable link-state Internet routing, in: Proc. IEEE International Conference on Network Protocols (ICNP 98), Austin, TX (October 14-16, 1998).

  13. J.J. Garcia-Luna-Aceves and M. Spohn, Source-tree routing in wireless networks, in: Proc. IEEE International Conference on Network Protocols (ICNP 99), Toronto, Canada (October 31-November 3, 1999).

  14. Z. Haas and M. Pearlman, The zone routing protocol for highly reconfigurable ad-hoc networks, in: Proc. ACM SIGCOMM 98, Vancouver, BC (August 1998).

  15. IEEE, P802.11, Unapproved draft: Wireless LAN medium access control (MAC) and physical specifications (January 1996).

  16. D. Johnson and D. Maltz, Protocols for adaptive wireless and mobile networking, IEEE Personal Communications 3(1) (February 1996).

  17. J. Jubin and J. Tornow, The DARPA packet radio network protocols, Proceedings of the IEEE 75(1) (January 1987).

  18. P. Karn, MACA - a new channel access method for packet radio, in: ARRL/CRRL Amateur Radio 9th Computer Networking Conference, ARRL (1990) pp. 134–140.

  19. L. Kleinrock and F. Kamoun, Hierarchical routing for large networks: Performance evaluation and optimization, Computer Networks 1 (1977) 155–174.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Y.-B. Ko and N. Vaidya, Location-aided routing (LAR) in mobile ad hoc networks, in: Proc. ACM MOBICOM 98, Dallas, TX (October 1998) pp. 66–75.

  21. V.O.K. Li and R. Chang, Proposed routing algorithms for the US Army mobile subscriber equipment (MSE) network, in: Proc. IEEE MILCOM'86, Monterey, CA (October 1986).

  22. J. Moy, OSPF Version 2, RFC 1583, Network Working Group (March 1994).

  23. S. Murthy and J.J. Garcia-Luna-Aceves, An efficient routing protocol for wireless networks, Mobile Networks and Applications, Special Issue on Routing in Mobile Communication Networks (1996).

  24. S. Murthy and J.J. Garcia-Luna-Aceves, Loop-free Internet routing using hierarchical routing trees, in: Proc. IEEE INFOCOM 97, Kobe, Japan (April 7-11, 1997).

  25. V. Park and M. Corson, A highly adaptive distributed routing algorithm for mobile wireless networks, in: Proc. IEEE INFOCOM 97, Kobe, Japan (April 7-11, 1997).

  26. C. Perkins and P. Bhagwat, Highly dynamic destination-sequenced distance-vector routing (DSDV) for mobile computers, in: Proc. ACM SIGCOMM 94, London, UK (October 1994).

  27. C. Perkins and E. Royer, Ad-hoc on-demand distance vector routing, in: Proc. of the 2nd IEEE Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems and Applications, New Orleans (February 1999) pp. 90–100.

  28. M. Pursley and H.B. Russell, Routing in frequency-hop packet radio networks with partial-band jamming, IEEE Transactions on Communications 41(7) (1993) 1117–1124.

    Google Scholar 

  29. R. Ramanathan and M. Steenstrup, Hierarchically-organized, multihop mobile wireless networks for Quality-of-Service support, Mobile Networks and Applications 3(1) (1998) 101–119.

    Google Scholar 

  30. C.V. Ramamoorthy and W. Tsai, An adaptive hierarchical routing algorithm, in: Proceedings of IEEE COMPSAC '83, Chicago, IL (November 1983) pp. 93–104.

  31. Rooftop Communications, The C++ Protocol Toolkit - Reference Manual (1998).

  32. M. Steenstrup (Ed.), Routing in Communication Networks (Prentice-Hall, 1995).

  33. C.-K. Toh, Wireless ATM and Ad-Hoc Networks (Kluwer, 1996).

  34. C. Zhu and S. Corson, A five phase reservation protocol (FPRP) for mobile ad-hoc networks, in: Proc. IEEE INFOCOM 98.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Computer Engineering Department, Baskin School of Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA

    J.J. Garcia-Luna-Aceves

  2. Nokia Wireless Routers, Mountain View, CA, 94043, USA

    Marcelo Spohn

Authors
  1. J.J. Garcia-Luna-Aceves
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Marcelo Spohn
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Garcia-Luna-Aceves, J., Spohn, M. Transmission-Efficient Routing in Wireless Networks Using Link-State Information. Mobile Networks and Applications 6, 223–238 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1011422615346

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1011422615346

Search

Navigation