Abstract
This article summarizes various ways of constructing large interconnection networks by performing different graph operations on smaller networks. The resultant hybrid graphs are classified, their inherent static topological properties are outlined and their relative advantages for multiprocessing applications are illustrated with several well-known networks. One class of hybrid graphs defined as compound networks, popularly known by an alternative name as hierarchical networks, is observed to be suitable for multicomputers in the current VLSI/WSI environment, as their use reduces network complexity, enhances scalability, reliability and fault-tolerance and supports locality of reference.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
A. Agarwal, Limits in interconnection network performance, IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems 2 (1993) 398-412.
D.P. Agrawal, Advanced Computer Architecture (Tutorial textbook) (IEEE Computer Soc. Press, Silver Spring, MD, 1986).
S.B. Akers and B. Krishnamurthy, A group theoretic model for symmetric interconnection networks, in: Proc. of the 1986 International Conference on Parallel Processing (1986) pp. 216-223.
B.W. Arden and H. Lee, A regular network for multicomputer systems, IEEE Transactions on Computers 30 (1982) 60-69.
D. Basak and D.K. Panda, Scalable Architectures with k-ary n-cube cluster-c organization, in: Proc. of the 5th IEEE Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Systems (1993) pp. 780-787.
L.N. Bhuyan and D.P. Agrawal, Generalized hypercube and hyperbus structures for a network of microcomputers, IEEE Transactions on Computers 33 (1984) 323-333.
P.T. Breznay and M.A. Lopez, A class of ststic and dynamic hierarchical interconnection networks, in: Proc. of the 1994 International Conference on Parallel Processing, Vol. 1 (1994) pp. 59-62.
C. Chen, D.P. Agrawal and J.R. Burke, dBCube: A new class of hierarchical multiprocessor networks and its area efficient layout, IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems 4 (1993) 1332-1343.
C. Chen, D.P. Agrawal and J.R. Burke, Design and analysis of a class of highly scalable hierarchical networks: PdBCube, Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing, Special Issue on Scalable Algorithms and Architectures, 22 (1994) 555-564.
S.P. Dandamudi and D.L. Eager, On hierarchical hypercube multicomputer interconnection network design, Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing 12 (1991) 283-289.
S.K. Das and A.K. Banerjee, Hyper-Peterson network: Yet another hypercube topology, in: Proc. of Frontiers of Massively Parallel Computation (1992) pp. 270-277.
K. Day and A.-E. Al-Ayyoub, The cross product of interconnection networks, IEEE Transactions Parallel Distributed Systems 18 (1997) 109-118.
J. Duato, S. Yalmanchili and L. Ni, Interconnection Networks — An Engineering Approach (IEEE Computer Soc. Press, Silver Spring, MD, 1997).
R. Fernandes, D.K. Friesen and A. Kanevsky, Efficient routing in recursive interconnection networks, in: Proc. of the 1994 International Conference on Parallel Processing, Vol. 1 (1994) pp. 51-62.
R. Fernandes and A. Kanevsky, Generalized ring interconnection networks, in: Proc. of the 8th International Parallel Processing Symposium (1994) pp. 30-34.
C.S. Ferner and K.Y. Lee, Hyperbanyan networks: A new class of networks for distributed-memory multiprocessors, in: Proc. of the 3rd Symposium on the Frontiers of Massively Parallel Computation (1992) pp. 254-261.
E. Ganesan and D.K. Pradhan, The hyper-deBruijn networks: Scalable versatile architecture, IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems 4 (1993) 962-978.
K. Ghose and K.R. Desai, The design and evaluation of the hierarchical cubic network, in: Proc. of the 1990 International Conference on Parallel Processing, Vol. 1 (1990) pp. 355-362.
J.R. Goodman and C.H. Sequin, Hypertree: A multiprocessor interconnection topology, IEEE Transactions on Computers 30 (1981) 923-933.
W.-J. Hsu, Fibonacci cubes — A new interconnection topology, IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems 4 (1993) 3-12.
K. Hwang and J. Ghosh, Hypernet: A communication-efficient architecture for constructing massively parallel computers, IEEE Transactions on Computers 36 (1997) 1450-1466.
O.H. Karam and D.P. Agrawal, Design and analysis of generalized link extended hierarchical interconnection networks, in: Proc. of the 7th International Parallel Processing Symposium (1993) pp. 643-649.
J.M. Kumar and L.M. Patnaik, Extended hypercube: A hierarchical interconnection network of hypercubes, IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems 3 (1992) 45-57.
Q.M. Malluhi and M.A. Bayoumi, The hierarchical hypercube: A new interconnection topology for massively parallel systems, IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Processing 5 (1994) 17-30.
G. Memmi and Y. Raillard, Some new results about the (d, k)-graph problem, IEEE Transactions on Computers 31 (1982) 784-791.
S.R. Ohring and S.K. Das, The folded Peterson network: A new communication efficient multi-processor topology, in: Proc. of the 1993 International Conference on Parallel Processing, Vol. I, pp. 311-314.
F. P. Preparata and J. Vuillemin, The cube-connected cycles: A versatile network parallel computation, Communications of the ACM 24 (1981) 300-309.
M.T. Raghunath and A. Ranade, Designing interconnection networks for multi-level packaging, in: Proc. of the 1993 Supercomputing, Portland (1993) pp. 772-781.
A. Youssef and B. Narahari, The Banyan-hypercube networks, IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems 1 (1990) 160-169.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Agrawal, D.P., Chen, C. & Burke, J.R. Hybrid graph-based networks for multiprocessing. Telecommunication Systems 10, 107–134 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1019158831409
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1019158831409