Abstract
This paper proposes a new protocol called MQ, Multicast with QoS, which supports multimedia group communications with QoS guarantees for heterogeneous recipients. With MQ, while resource reservation is de-coupled from QoS multicast routing, they are integrated in a way to avoid the problem of “sender-oriented” path determination, a problem that occurs when RSVP is used in conjunction with QoS routing for heterogeneous reservations. Being a truly receiver-oriented and integrated scheme for multimedia multicasting, MQ supports such integration in a robust, scalable and loop-free way, accommodates heterogeneous users with varied QoS, dynamically adjusts QoS trees to improve resource utilization, and benefits from being an integrated mechanism to ensure end-to-end QoS services. We have also conducted simulations to evaluate the performance of MQ. MQ demonstrates its advantages to conventional loosely coupled integration of IP multicasting, resource reservation and QoS routing, in terms of better accommodation of heterogeneous users, higher scalability, lower blocking probability for users to join groups with service guarantee, and more efficient resource utilization to enhance system performance.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
H. Eriksson, "MBone: The Multicast Backbone," Communications of the ACM, vol. 37, 1994, pp. 54-60.
R. Braden, L. Zhang, S. Berson, S. Herzog, and S. Jamin, "Resource ReSerVation Protocol (RSVP)-Version 1 Functional Spec," IETF RFC 2205, 1997.
C. Topolcic, "Experimental Internet Stream Protocol: Version 2 (ST-II)," IETF RFC 1190, 1990.
L. Zhang, S. Deering, D. Estrin, S. Shenker, and D. Zappala, "RSVP: A New Resource ReSerVation Protocol," IEEE Network, vol. 7, 1993, pp. 8-18.
S. Chen and K. Nahrstedt, "An Overview of Quality of Service Routing for Next-Generation High-Speed Networks: Problems and Solutions," IEEE Network, 1998, pp.64-79.
V.P. Kompella, J.C. Pasquale, and G.C. Polyzos, "Multicast Routing for Multimedia Communication," IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, vol. 1, no. 3, 1993, pp. 286-292.
Q. Zhu, M. Parsa, and J.J. Garcia-Luna-Aceves, "A Source-Based Algorithm For Delay-Constrained Minimum-Cost Multicasting," in IEEE INFOCOM '95, vol. 1, pp. 377-385.
S.-P. Hong, H. Lee, and B.H. Park, "An Efficient Multicast Routing Algorithm for Delay-Sensitive Applications with Dynamic membership," in IEEE INFOCOM '98, vol. 3, pp. 1433-1440.
G.N. Rouskas and I. Baldine, "Multicast Routing with Endto-End Delay and Delay Variation Constraints," IEEE JSAC, vol. 15, no. 3, 1997, pp. 346-356.
W.M. Moh and B. Nguyen, "An Optimal QoS-Guaranteed Multicast Routing Algorithm with Dynamic Membership Support," in IEEE ICC '99, vol. 2, pp. 727-732.
Y. Im and Y. Choi, "A Distributed Multicast Routing Algorithm for Delay-Sensitive Applications," in IEEE International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems, 1998, pp. 232-239.
H.-C. Lin and S.-C. Lai, "VTDM-A Dynamic Multicast Routing Algorithm," in IEEE INFOCOM '98, vol. 3, pp. 1426-1432.
L. Guo and I. Matta, "QDMR: An Efficient QoS Dependent Multicast Routing Algorithm," in IEEE Real-Time Technology and Applications Symposium, 1999, pp. 213-222.
J.C. Pasquale, G.G. Polyzos, and G. Xylmoenos, "The Multimedia Multicasting Problem," ACM/Springer-Verlag Multimedia Systems, vol. 6, no. 1, 1998, pp.43-59.
S. Deering, "Host Extensions for IP Multicasting," IETF RFC 1112, Aug. 1989.
J. Moy, "Multicast Routing Extensions for OSPF," Communication of the ACM, vol. 37, no. 8, 1994, pp. 61-66.
S. Deering, C. Partrige, and D.Waitzman, "DistanceVector Multicast Routing Protocol," IETF RFC 1075, Nov. 1988.
A. Ballaradie, J. Crowcroft, and P. Francis, "Core Based Tree (CBT)-An Architecture for Scalable Inter-Domain Routing Protocol," in ACM SIGCOM '93, Oct. 1993, pp. 85-95.
S. Deering, D. Estrin, D. Farinacci, V. Jacobson, C. Liu, and L. Wei, "An Architecture for Wide-Area Multicast Routing," in ACM SIGCOMM '94, pp. 126-135.
G. Apostolopoulos, R. Guerin, S. Kamat, and S.K. Tripathi, "Quality of Service Based Routing: A Performance Perspective," in ACM SIGCOMM '98, pp. 17-28.
R.A. Guerin and A. Orda, "QoS Routing in Networks with Inaccurate Information: Theory and Algorithms," IEEE/ACMTransactions on Networking, vol. 7, no. 3, 1999, pp. 350-364.
J. Hou, H.Y. Tyan, and B.Wang, "QoS Extension to CBT," IETF Internet draft, Feb. 1999.
M. Faloutsos, A. Banerjea, and R. Pankaj, "QoSMIC: Quality of Service Sensitive Multicast Internet protoCol," in ACM SIGCOMM '98, pp. 144-153.
S. McCanne, V. Jacobson, and M. Vetterli, "Receiver-Driven Layered Multicast," in ACM SIGCOMM '96, Sept. 1996, pp. 117-130.
Z. Zhang, C. Sanchez, B. Salkewicz, and E. Crawley, "Quality of Services Extensions to OSPF," IETF Internet draft, Sept. 1997.
G. Apostolopoulos, R. Guerin, S. Kamat, A. Orda, T. Przygienda, and D. Williams, "QoS Routing Mechanisms and OSPF Extensions," IETF Draft (draft-guerin-qos-routing-ospf-04.txt), Dec. 1998.
D.-N. Yang, W. Liao, and Y.-T. Lin, "MQ: An Integrated Mechanism for Multimedia Multicasting," in Proc. IEEE Int'l Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME), New York, Aug. 2000.
M. Doar and I. Leslie, "How Bad is Na¨ïve Multicast Routing?" in Proc. IEEE INFOCOM '93, San Francisco, CA, 1993, pp. 82-89.
S. Ramanathan, "Multicast Tree Generation in Networks with Asymmetric Links," IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, vol. 4, no. 4, 1996, pp. 558-568.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Liao, W., Yang, DN. An Adaptive Multicast Tree with QoS Support for Heterogeneous Recipients. The Journal of VLSI Signal Processing-Systems for Signal, Image, and Video Technology 34, 49–65 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022813720536
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022813720536