Abstract
We show that the cardinality of a nonempty set of points without tangents in the desarguesian projective plane PG(2, q), q even, is at least q + 1 + \( \sqrt {q/6} \) provided that the set is not of even type.
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Blokhuis, A., Szőnyi, T. & Weiner, Z. On Sets without Tangents in Galois Planes of Even Order. Designs, Codes and Cryptography 29, 91–98 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1024192106237
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1024192106237