Abstract
Rural energy planning is a nexus of sustainable development issues, particularly the sustainable utilization of biomass resources, on which rural parts of the developing world remain critically dependent. A landscape based rural bioenergy planning framework is presented, which is based on location–allocation and landscape ecology principles and considers both domestic and commercial energy demands and energy flows, as well as the landscape impact of the required bioenergy production zones. p-median modelling principles underly the location–allocation formulation. Optimized bioenergy landscape designs are presented, which illustrate both accessibility and landscape ecology objectives.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bell, S. (1994). “Energy Forestry Cultivation and the Landscape.” Biomass and Bioenergy 6(1–2), 53–61.
Bianchi, G. and R. Church. (1992). “A Non-Binary Encoded Genetic Algorithm for a Facility Location Problem.” Technical Report, Department of Geography, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA.
Christian, D.P., W. Hoffman, J.M. Hanowski, G. Niemi, and J. Beyea. (1998). “Bird and Mammal Diversity on Woody Biomass Plantations in North America.” Biomass and Bioenergy 14(4), 395–402.
Cocklin, C. (1989). “Mathematical Programming and Resource Planning I: The Limitations of Traditional Optimization.” Journal of Environmental Management 28, 127–141.
Collinge, S.K. (2001). “Spatial Ecology and Biological Conservation.” Biological Conservation 100, 1–2.
Cook, J. and J. Beyea. (2000). “Bioenergy in the United States: Progress and Possibilities.” Biomass and Bioenergy 18, 441–455.
Diamond, J. (1975). “The Island Dilemma: Lessons of Modern Biogeographic Studies for the Design of Natural Reserves.” Biological Conservation 7, 128–146.
Fischer, G. and L. Schrattenholzer. (2001). “Global Bioenergy Potentials through 2050.” Biomass and Bioenergy 20, 151–159.
Forman, R.T.T. (1986). Landscape Ecology. New York: Wiley.
Graham, R.L., W. Liu, M. Downing, C.E. Noon, M. Daly, and A. Moore. (1997). “The Effect of Location and Facility Demand on the Marginal Cost of DeliveredWood Chips from Energy Crops: A Case Study of the State of Tennessee.” Biomass and Bioenergy 13(3), 117–123.
Griffith, J.A., E.A. Martinko, and K.P. Price. (2000). “Landscape Structure Analysis of Kansas at Three Scales.” Landscape and Urban Planning 52, 45–61.
Gustafson, E.J. (1998). “Quantifying Landscape Spatial Pattern: What is the State of the Art?” Ecosystems 1, 143–156.
Gustafson, E.J. and G.R. Parker. (1992). “Relationships between Landcover Proportion and Indices of Spatial Pattern.” Landscape Ecology 7, 101–110.
Hakimi, S.L. (1964). “Optimal Locations of Switching Centers and Absolute Centers and Medians of a Graph.” Operational Research 12, 450–459.
Hargis, C.D., J.A. Bissonette, and J.L. David. (1998). “The Behaviour of Landscape Metrics Commonly Used in the Study of Habitat Fragmentation.” Landscape Ecology 13, 167–186.
Hargis, C.D., J.A. Bissonette, and D.L. Turner. (1999). “The Influence of Forest Fragmentation and Landscape Pattern on American Martens.” Journal of Applied Ecology 36(1), 157–172.
Hodgson, M.J. (1988). “A Hierarchical Location–Allocation Model for Primary Health Care Delivery in a Developing Area.” Social Science and Medicine 26, 153–161.
Holland, J.H. (1992). Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Hosage, C. and M. Goodchild. (1986). “Discrete Space Location–Allocation Solutions from Genetic Algorithms.“ Annals of Operations Research 6, 35–46.
IISD. (1999). “Our Forests, Our Future: Summary Report World Commission on Forests and Sustainable Development.” International Institute for Sustainable Development, Winnipeg.
IISD. (2002). “Summary of the International Expert Meeting on Forest Landscape Restoration.” Sustainable Development 71(1), 1–8.
IPCC. (2001). “Climate Change 2001: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability.” Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
Jaramillo, J.H., J. Bhadury, and R. Batta. (2002). “On the Use of Genetic Algorithms to Solve Location Problems.” Computers and Operations Research 29, 761–779.
JIQ. (2001). “COP7 and the Kyoto Mechanisms.” Joint Implementation Quarterly: Magazine on the Kyoto Mechanisms 7(4), 4–6.
Kartha, S. and E.D. Larson. (2000). Bioenergy Primer: Modernised Biomass Energy for Sustainable Development. New York: United Nations Development Programme.
Li, H. and J.F Reynolds. (1993). “A New Contagion Index to Quantify Spatial Patterns of Landscapes.” Landscape Ecology 8, 155–162.
Lindenmayer, D.B., R.B. Cunningham, and M.L. Pope. (1999). “A Large-Scale “Experiment” to Examine the Effects of Landscape Context and Fragmentation on Mammals.” Biological Conservation 88, 387–403.
Love, R.F., J.G. Morris, and G.O. Wesolowsky. (1988). Facilities Location: Models and Methods. New York: North-Holland.
Mahapatra, A. and C. Mitchell. (1999). “Biofuel Consumption, Deforestation, and Farm Level Tree Growing in Rural India.” Biomass and Bioenergy 17(4), 291–303.
Marks, B.J. and K. McGarigal. (1994). “Fragstats: Spatial Pattern Analysis Program for Quantifying Landscape Structure.” Technical Report, Forest Science Department, Oregon State University.
Murray, A. and R. Church. (1996). “Applying Simulated Annealing to Location Planning Models.” Journal of Heuristics 2, 31–53.
Narula, S.C. (1984). “Hierarchical Location–Allocation Problems: A Classification Scheme.” European Journal of Operational Research 15, 93–99.
Noon, C.E. and M.J. Daly. (1996). “GIS-Based Biomass Resource Assessment with BRAVO.” Biomass and Bioenergy 10(2–3), 101–109.
Noss, R.F. and L.D. Harris. (1986). “Nodes, Networks, and MUMs: Preserving Diversity at all Scales.” Environmental Management 10(3), 299–309.
Okabe, A., B. Boots, and K. Sugihara. (1992). Spatial Tesselations: Concepts and Applications of Voronoi Diagrams. New York: Wiley.
O'Neill, V.R., J.R. Krummel, R.H. Gardner, G. Sugihara, B. Jackson, D.L. Angelis, B.T. Milne, M.G. Turner, B. Zygmunt, S.W. Christensen, V.H. Dale, and R.L. Graham. (1988). “Indices of Landscape Pattern.” Landscape Ecology 1(3), 153–162.
Overend, R.P. (1982). “The Average Haul Distance and TransportationWork Factors for Biomass Delivered to a Central Plant.” Biomass 2, 75–79.
Paine, L.K., T.L. Peterson, D.J. Undersander, K.C. Rineer, G.A. Bartlet, S.A. Temple, D.A. Sample, and R.M. Klemme. (1996). “Some Ecological and Socio-Economic Considerations for Biomass Energy Crop Production.” Biomass and Bioenergy 10(4), 231–242.
Pal, R.C. and A. Sharma. (2001). “Afforestation for Reclaiming Degraded Village Common Land: A Case Study.” Biomass and Bioenergy 21, 34–42.
Pressey, R.L., H.P. Possingham, and C.R. Margules. (1996). “Optimality in Reserve Selection Algorithms: When does It Matter and how Much?” Biological Conservation 76, 259–267.
Rahman, S. and D.K. Smith. (2000). “Use of Location–Allocation Models in Health Service Development Planning in Developing Nations.” European Journal of Operational Research 123, 437–452.
Ramesh, B.R., S. Menon, and K.S. Bawa. (1997). “A Vegetation-Based Approach to Biodiversity Gap Analysis in the Agastyamalai Region, Western Ghats, India.” Ambio 26(8), 529–536.
Ravindranath, N.H. and D.O. Hall. (1995). Biomass, Energy and Environment. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
Reggiani, A., P. Nijkamp, and E. Sabella. (2001). “New Advances in Spatial Network Modelling: Towards Evolutionary Algorithms.” European Journal of Operational Research 128, 385–401.
Rushton, G. (1984). “Use of Location–Allocation Models for Improving the Geographical Accessibility of Rural Services in Developing Countries.” International Regional Science Review 9, 217–240.
SEI. (2000). “Rural Energy and Climate Mitigation.” Rural Energy and Development, Newsletter of the Sustainable Energy Programme, Stockholm Environment Institute 13(3), 1–8.
Singh, T.P. and V. Varalakshmi. (1998). The Decade and Beyond: Evolving Community-State Partnership.New Delhi: Tata Energy Research Institute.
Teitz, M. and P. Bart. (1968). “Heuristic Methods for Estimating the Generalized Vertex Median of a Weighted Graph.” Operations Research 16, 955–961.
TERI. (1999). “TERI Energy Data Directory and Yearbook.” New Delhi: Tata Energy Research Institute.
The World Bank. (1996). “Rural Energy and Development: Improving Energy Supplies for Two Billion People.” The World Bank Development in Practice Series. Washington: World Bank Publications.
The World Bank. (2002). “Economic Development, Climate Change, and Energy Security.” The World Bank, Washington, DC.
UNCSD. (2001). “9th Session of the Commission on Sustainable Development.” www.un.org/esa/ sustdev/enr.htm
UNDP. (2000). “World Energy Assessment: Energy and the Challenge of Sustainability.” United Nations Development Program, New York.
Varela, M., R. Saez, and H. Audus. (2001). “Large-Scale Integration of Electricity from Short-Rotation Woody Crops.” Solar Energy 70(2), 95–107.
Venema, H.D. and P.H. Calamai. (2002). “Bioenergy Spatial Systems Design: Applying Location– Allocation and Landscape Ecology Principles.” Technical Report 211-O-08082002, Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo.
Venema, H.D., P.H. Calamai, and P. Fieguth. (2003). “Direct Optimization of Forest Structure Using Evolutionary Programming and Landscape Ecology Metrics.” Submitted to European Journal of Operational Research.
Venema, H.D., P.H. Calamai, and K. Ponnambalam. (2000). “Multi-Objective Spatial Design Principles for Rural Biomass Energy Planning.” Journal of Environmental Studies and Policy 3(1), 1–19.
Voivontas, D., D. Assimacopoulos, and E.G. Koukios. (2001). “Assessment of Biomass Potential for Power Production: A GIS-Based Method.” Biomass and Bioenergy 20, 101–112.
Watson, R., I.R. Noble, B. Bolin, N.H. Ravindranath, D.J. Verado, and D.J. Dokken. (2000). “Land Use, Land-Use Change, and Forestry.” Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Geneva.
Weaver, J. and R. Church. (1985). “A Median Location Model with Nonclosest Facility Service.” Transportation Science 19, 58–74.
WEC. (1999). “The Challenge of Rural Energy Poverty in Developing Countries.” World Energy Council, London.
WEC. (2000). “Energy for Tomorrow's World: Acting Now!” World Energy Council, London.
WRI. (2000). “World Resources 2000–2001 –People and Ecosystems: The Fraying Web of Life.” World Resources Institute, Washington, DC.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Venema, H.D., Calamai, P.H. Bioenergy Systems Planning Using Location–Allocation and Landscape Ecology Design Principles. Annals of Operations Research 123, 241–264 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1026135632158
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1026135632158