Skip to main content
Log in

Performance of Bluetooth Bridges in Scatternets with Limited Service Scheduling

  • Published:
Mobile Networks and Applications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The performance of two Bluetooth piconets linked through a bridge device is analyzed using the tools of queueing theory. We analyze both possible cases, i.e., when the bridge device is the master in one of the piconets and a slave in the other (MS bridge), as well as when the bridge device is the slave in both of the piconets (SS bridge). Analytical results are derived for the probability distribution of access delay (i.e., the time that a packet has to wait before being serviced) and end-to-end delay, for both intra- and inter-piconet bursty traffic. The scatternet with an SS bridge was found to provide lower end-to-end delay for local traffic as well as lower access delay, while the scatternet with an MS bridge offers lower end-to-end delay for non-local traffic. The scatternet with an SS bridge was also found to be less sensitive to increased probability of non-local traffic and low values of time interval between bridge exchanges, than its counterpart with an MS bridge. All analytical results have been confirmed through simulations.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Artis Software Inc., Artifex v.4.2.1, San Jose, CA (2001).

  2. S. Baatz, M. Frank, C. Kühl, P. Martini and S. Christoph, Adaptive scatternet support for Bluetooth using sniff mode, in: Proceedings of the 26th Annual Conference on Local Computer Networks LCN 2001, Tampa, FL (November 2001).

  3. S. Baatz, M. Frank, C. Kühl, P. Martini and S. Christoph, Bluetooth scatternets: An enhanced adaptive scheduling scheme, in: Proceedings Twenty-First Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies IEEE INFOCOM 2002, New York (June 2002) pp. 782–790.

  4. Bluetooth SIG, Specification of the Bluetooth System, Version 1.1 (February 2001).

  5. A. Capone, R. Kapoor and M. Gerla, Efficient polling schemes for Bluetooth picocells, in: Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Communications ICC 2001, Vol. 7 (Helsinki, Finland, June 2001) pp. 1990–1994.

    Google Scholar 

  6. A. Das, A. Ghose, A. Razdan, H. Saran and R. Shorey, Enhancing performance of asynchronous data traffic over the Bluetooth wireless ad-hoc network, in: Proceedings Twentieth Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies IEEE INFOCOM 2001, Vol. 1, Anchorage, AK (April 2001) pp. 591–600.

    Google Scholar 

  7. G.R. Grimmett and D.R. Stirzaker, Probability and Random Processes, 2nd ed. (Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, 1992).

    Google Scholar 

  8. N. Johansson, F. Alriksson and U. Jönsson, JUMP mode — a dynamic window-based scheduling framework for Bluetooth scatternets, in: Proceedings 2001 ACM International Symposium on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking & Computing, Long Beach, CA (October 2001) pp. 204–211.

  9. N. Johansson, U. Körner and P. Johansson, Performance evaluation of scheduling algorithms for Bluetooth, in: Proceedings of BC'99 IFIP TC 6 Fifth International Conference on Broadband Communications, Hong Kong, eds. D.H.K. Tsang and P.J. Kuhn (November 1999) pp. 139–150.

  10. P. Johansson, R. Kapoor, M. Kazantzidis and M. Gerla, Rendezvous scheduling in Bluetooth scatternets, in: Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Communications ICC 2002, New York (April 2002) pp. 318–324.

  11. M. Kalia, D. Bansal and R. Shorey, MAC scheduling and SAR policies for Bluetooth: A master driven TDD pico-cellular wireless system, in: Proceedings Sixth IEEE International Workshop on Mobile Multimedia Communications (MOMUC'99), San Diego, CA (November 1999) pp. 384–388.

  12. M. Kalia, D. Bansal and R. Shorey, Data scheduling and SAR for Bluetooth MAC, in: Proceedings VTC2000 — Spring IEEE 51st Vehicular Technology Conference, Vol. 2, Tokyo, Japan (May 2000) pp. 716–720.

    Google Scholar 

  13. L.J. Kleinrock, Queuing Systems, Vol. I: Theory (Wiley, New York, 1972).

    Google Scholar 

  14. A. Kumar, L. Ramachandran and R. Shorey, Performance of network formation and scheduling algorithms in the Bluetooth wireless ad-hoc network, Journal of High Speed Networks 10 (October 2001) 59–76.

  15. D.R. Manfield, Analysis of a priority polling system for two-way traffic, IEEE Transactions on Communications 33(9) (September 1985) 1001–1006.

    Google Scholar 

  16. B.A. Miller and C. Bisdikian, Bluetooth Revealed: The Insider's Guide to an Open Specification for Global Wireless Communications (Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 2000).

    Google Scholar 

  17. J. Mišić and V.B. Mišić, Queueing analysis of Bluetooth piconet traffic, in: Proceedings of 2002 International Symposium on Performance Evaluation of Computer and Telecommunication Systems, SPECTS 2002, San Diego, CA (July 2002) pp. 545–552.

  18. V.B. Mišić and J. Mišić, Bluetooth scatternet with a master/slave bridge: A queueing theoretic analysis, in: IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference GlobeCom 2002, Taipei, Taiwan (November 2002).

  19. V. Paxson and S. Floyd, Wide area traffic: the failure of Poisson modeling, ACM/IEEE Transactions on Networking 3(3) (June 1995) 226–244.

    Google Scholar 

  20. A. Rácz, G. Miklós, F. Kubinszky and A. Valkó, A pseudo random coordinated scheduling algorithm for Bluetooth scatternets, in: Proceedings 2001 ACM International Symposium on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking & Computing, Long Beach, CA (October 2001) pp. 193–203.

  21. T. Salonidis, P. Bhagwat, L. Tassiulas and R. LaMaire, Distributed topology construction of Bluetooth personal area networks, in: Proceedings Twentieth Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies IEEE INFOCOM 2001, Vol. 3, Anchorage, AK (April 2001) pp. 1577–1586.

    Google Scholar 

  22. H. Takagi, Queuing analysis of polling models, ACM Computing Surveys 20(1) (March 1988) 5–28.

    Google Scholar 

  23. H. Takagi, Queueing Analysis, Vol. 1: Vacation and Priority Systems (North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1991).

    Google Scholar 

  24. G.V. Zàruba, S. Basagni and I. Chlamtac, Bluetrees — scatternet formation to enable Bluetooth-based ad hoc networks, in: Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Communications ICC 2001, Vol. 1, Helsinki, Finland (June 2001) pp. 273–277.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Mišić, V.B., Mišić, J. Performance of Bluetooth Bridges in Scatternets with Limited Service Scheduling. Mobile Networks and Applications 9, 73–87 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1027325907843

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1027325907843

Navigation