Skip to main content
Log in

Learning to Share Meaning in a Multi-Agent System

  • Published:
Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The development of the semantic Web will require agents to use common domain ontologies to facilitate communication of conceptual knowledge. However, the proliferation of domain ontologies may also result in conflicts between the meanings assigned to the various terms. That is, agents with diverse ontologies may use different terms to refer to the same meaning or the same term to refer to different meanings. Agents will need a method for learning and translating similar semantic concepts between diverse ontologies. Only until recently have researchers diverged from the last decade's “common ontology” paradigm to a paradigm involving agents that can share knowledge using diverse ontologies. This paper describes how we address this agent knowledge sharing problem of how agents deal with diverse ontologies by introducing a methodology and algorithms for multi-agent knowledge sharing and learning in a peer-to-peer setting. We demonstrate how this approach will enable multi-agent systems to assist groups of people in locating, translating, and sharing knowledge using our Distributed Ontology Gathering Group Integration Environment (DOGGIE) and describe our proof-of-concept experiments. DOGGIE synthesizes agent communication, machine learning, and reasoning for information sharing in the Web domain.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. R. Bayardo, W. Bohrer, R. Brice, A. Cichocki, J. Fowler, A. Helal, V. Kashyap, T. Ksiezyk, G. Martin, M. Nodine, M. Rashid, M. Rusinkiewicz, R. Shea, C. Unnikrishnan, A. Unruh, and D. Woelk, “InfoSleuth: Agent-based semantic integration of information in open and dynamic environments,” in M. Huhns and M. Singh, (eds.), Readings in Agents, Morgan Kaufmann: San Francisco, pp. 205–216, 1998.

    Google Scholar 

  2. T. Berners-Lee, J. Hendler, and O. Lassila, “The Semantic Web,” Scientific American, May 2001.

  3. A. H. Bond and L. Gasser, (eds.), Readings in Distributed Artificial Intelligence, Morgan Kaufmann, 1988.

  4. M. Craven, D. DiPasquo, D. Freitag, A. McCallum, T. Mitchell, K. Nigam, and S. Slattery, “Learning to extract symbolic knowledge from the World Wide Web,” in Proceedings of the 15th National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-98), 1998.

  5. ''The DARPA agent markup language homepage,” http://www.daml.org, 2001.

  6. T. Finin, Y. Labrou, and J. Mayfied, “KQML as an agent communication language,” in J. Bradshaw, (ed.), Software Agents, MIT Press, 1997.

  7. A. Garland and R. Alterman, “Multiagent learning through collective memory,” in Adaptation, Coevolution, and Learning in Multiagent Systems, Technical Report SS-96-01, AAAI Symposium, Stanford, CA, March 25-27, Menlo Park, CA, AAAI Press, pp. 33–38, 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  8. J. Giampapa, M. Paolucci, and K. Sycara, “Agent interoperation across multiagent system boundaries,” in Proc. of 4th International Conference on Autonomous Agents, June 3-7, Barcelona, Spain, 2000.

  9. M. Genesereth and N. Nilsson, Logical Foundations of Artificial Intelligence, Palo Alto, CA, Morgan Kauffman, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  10. T. Gruber, “The role of common ontology in achieving sharable, reusable knowledge bases,” in J. A. Allen, R. Fikes, and E. Sandewall, (eds.), Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning: Proceedings of the Second International Conference, Cambridge, MA: Morgan Kauffman, pp. 601–602, 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  11. M. Huhns and M. Singh, “Agents and multiagent systems: Themes, approaches, and challenges,” in M. Huhns and M. Singh, (eds.), Readings in Agents, Morgan Kaufmann: San Francisco, CA, 1998.

    Google Scholar 

  12. M. Iwazume, K. Shirakami, K. Hatadani, H. Takeda, and T. Nishida, “IICA: An ontology-based internet navigation system,” AAAI-96 Workshop on Internet-based Information Systems, August 5, Portland, OR, 1996.

  13. N. Jennings, K. Sycara, and M. Wooldridge, “A roadmap of agent research and development,” Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems, vol. 1, pp. 7–38, 1998.

    Google Scholar 

  14. K. Knight and S. Luk, “Building a large-scale knowledge base for machine translation,” in Proc. of the National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-94), 1994.

  15. C. Knoblock, Y. Arens, and C. Hsu, “Cooperating agents for information retrieval,” in Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Cooperative Information Systems, Toronto, Ontario, Canada: University of Toronto Press, 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  16. D. Kuokka and L. Harada, “Matchmaking for information integration,” Journal of Intelligent Information Systems, 1996.

  17. Lycos, “Lycos: Your personal internet guide,” http://www.lycos.com, 1999.

  18. 18. Magellan, http://magellan.mckinley.com, 1999.

  19. P. Maes, “Agents that reduce work and information overload,” Comm. of ACM, vol. 37, no. 7, pp. 31–40, July 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  20. E. Mena, A. Illarramendi, V. Kashyap, and A. Sheth, “OBSERVER: An approach for query processing in global information systems based on interoperation across pre-existing ontologies,” International Journal Distributed and Parallel Databases, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 223–271, 2000.

    Google Scholar 

  21. T. M. Mitchell, Machine Learning, McGraw-Hill, 1997.

  22. A. Ouksel, “A framework for a scalable agent architecture of cooperating knowledge sources,” in M. Klusch, (ed.), Intelligent Information Agents: Cooperative, Rational and Adaptive Information Gathering in the Internet, Springer Verlag, 1999.

  23. J. R. Quinlan, C4.5: Programs for Machine Learning, Morgan Kaufmann: San Mateo, CA, 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  24. J. Rachlin and S. Salzberg, “PEBLS 3.0 User's Guide,” Department of Computer Science, John Hopkins University, 1993.

  25. S. Russell and P. Norvig, Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 1995.

    Google Scholar 

  26. L. Steels, “The origins of ontologies and communication conventions in multi-agent systems,”Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems, vol. 1, no. 2, Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp. 169–194, October 1998.

    Google Scholar 

  27. P. Weinstein and W. Birmingham, “Agent communication with differentiated ontologies: Eight new measures of description compatibility,” Technical Report CSE-TR-383-99, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, 1999.

  28. G. Weiss, Multiagent Systems: A Modern Approach to Distributed Artificial Intelligence, MIT Press: Cambridge, MA.

  29. A. B. Williams, Learning Ontologies in a Multiagent System, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Kansas, 1999.

  30. M. Wooldridge, “Intelligent agents,” in G. Weiss, (ed.), Multiagent Systems: A Modern Approach to Distributed Artificial Intelligence, MIT Press: Cambridge, MA, pp. 28–77, 1999.

    Google Scholar 

  31. X. Zhu, S. Gauch, L. Gerhard, N. Kral, and A. Pretschner, “Ontology-based web site mapping for information exploration,” in Proc. 8th International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management, Kansas City, Missouri, pp. 188–194, November 1999.

  32. A. Doan, J. Madhavan, P. Domingos, and A. Halevy, “Learning to map between ontologies on the semantic web,” WWW 2002, May 7, Honolulu, Hawaii, 2002.

  33. R. Agrawal, and S. Ramakrishnan, “On integrating catalogs,” WWW 2001, pp. 603–612, 2001.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Williams, A.B. Learning to Share Meaning in a Multi-Agent System. Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems 8, 165–193 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1023/B:AGNT.0000011160.45980.4b

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/B:AGNT.0000011160.45980.4b

Navigation