Skip to main content
Log in

Efficient and Robust Protocols for Local Detection and Propagation in Smart Dust Networks

  • Published:
Mobile Networks and Applications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Smart Dust is a set of a vast number of ultra-small fully autonomous computing and communication devices, with very restricted energy and computing capabilities, that co-operate to quickly and efficiently accomplish a large sensing task. Smart Dust can be very useful in practice, i.e., in the local detection of a remote crucial event and the propagation of data reporting its realization. In this work we make an effort towards the research on smart dust from an algorithmic point of view. We first provide a simple but realistic model for smart dust and present an interesting problem, which is how to propagate efficiently information on an event detected locally. Then we present various smart dust protocols for local detection and propagation that are simple enough to be implemented on real smart dust systems, and perform, under some simplifying assumptions, a rigorous average case analysis of their efficiency and energy consumption (and their interplay). This analysis leads to concrete results showing that our protocols are very efficient and robust. We also validate the analytical results by extensive experiments.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. T. Antoniou, A. Boukerche, I. Chatzigiannakis, G. Mylonas and S. Nikoletseas, A new energy efficient and fault-tolerant protocol for data propagation in smart dust networks using varying transmission range, in: Proc. 37th ACM/IEEE Annual Simulation Symposium ANSS, Arlington, VA, USA, April 18–22 (2004) pp. 167–177.

  2. Berkeley Wireless Research Center (2001), http://bwrc.eecs.berkeley.edu

  3. A. Boukerche and S. Nikoletseas, Protocols for data propagation in wireless sensor networks: a survey, in: Wireless Communications Systems and Networks, ed. M. Guizani (Kluwer Academic, 2004) chapter 2, pp. 23–51.

  4. I. Chatzigiannakis, T. Dimitriou, S. Nikoletseas and P. Spirakis, A probabilistic algorithm for efficient and robust data propagation in smart dust networks, in: Proc. 5th European Wireless Conference (EW 2004), Barcelona, Spain, February 24–27 (2004) pp. 344–350.

  5. I. Chatzigiannakis, T. Dimitriou, M. Mavronicolas, S. Nikoletseas and P. Spirakis, A comparative study of protocols for efficient data propagation in smart dust networks, in: Proc. International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Computing, EUPOPAR 2003 (2003). Also in Parallel Processing Letters 13(4) (2003) 615–627.

    Google Scholar 

  6. I. Chatzigiannakis and S. Nikoletseas, A sleep-awake protocol for information propagation in smart dust networks, in: Proc. 3nd International Workshop on Mobile and Ad-Hoc Networks, 17th Annual In-ternational Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS 2003), Nice, France, April 21–25 (2003) p. 225.

  7. I. Chatzigiannakis, S. Nikoletseas and P. Spirakis, An efficient communication strategy for Ad-Hoc mobile networks, in: Proc. 15th International Symposium on Distributed Computing (DISC 2001), pp. 285–299. See also brief announcement in: Proc. 20th Annual Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing (PODC 2001), pp. 320–322.

  8. I. Chatzigiannakis, S. Nikoletseas and P. Spirakis, On the average and worst-case efficiency of some new distributed communication and control algorithms for Ad-Hoc mobile networks, in: Proc. 1st ACM Workshop on Principles of Mobile Computing (POMC 2001), pp. 1–19, invited paper.

  9. I. Chatzigiannakis, S. Nikoletseas and P. Spirakis, Smart dust protocols for local detection and propagation, in: Proc. 2nd ACM Workshop on Principles of Mobile Computing (POMC 2002), pp. 9–16.

  10. I. Chatzigiannakis, A. Kinalis and S. Nikoletseas, Wireless sensor networks protocols for efficient collision avoidance in multi-path data propagation, in: Proc. of the ACM Workshop on Performance Evaluation of Wireless Ad Hoc, Sensor, and Ubiquitous Networks, PE-WASUN (2004).

  11. D. Estrin, R. Govindan, J. Heidemann and S. Kumar, Next century challenges: scalable coordination in sensor networks, in: Proc. 5th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Mobile Computing (MOBI-COM 1999) (1999) pp. 263–270.

  12. H. Euthimiou, S. Nikoletseas and J. Rolim, Energy balanced data propagation in wireless sensor networks, in: Proc. 4th International Workshop on Algorithms for Wireless, Mobile, Ad-Hoc and Sensor Networks (IPDPS/WMAN'04) (Computer Society Press, 2004) p. 225.

  13. W. Feller, An Introduction to Probability Theory and Its Applications (Wiley, New York, 1957).

    Google Scholar 

  14. W.R. Heinzelman, A. Chandrakasan and H. Balakrishnan, Energy-efficient communication protocol for wireless microsensor networks, in: Proc. 33rd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS 2000) (2000) p. 8020.

  15. W.R. Heinzelman, J. Kulik and H. Balakrishnan, Adaptive protocols for information dissemination in wireless sensor networks, in: Proc. 5th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Mobile Computing (MO-BICOM 1999) (1999) pp. 174–185.

  16. S.E.A. Hollar, COTS dust, M.Sc. Thesis in engineering-mechanical engineering, University of California, Berkeley, USA (2000).

    Google Scholar 

  17. C. Intanagonwiwat, D. Estrin, R. Govindan and J. Heidemann, Impact of network density on data aggregation in wireless sensor networks, Technical Report 01–750, University of Southern California Computer Science Department (November, 2001).

  18. C. Intanagonwiwat, R. Govindan and D. Estrin, Directed diffusion: A scalable and robust communication paradigm for sensor networks, in: Proc. 6th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Mobile Computing (MOBICOM 2000) (2000) pp. 56–67.

  19. B. Karp, Geographic routing for wireless networks, Ph.D. Dissertation, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (2000).

    Google Scholar 

  20. µ-adaptive multi-domain power aware sensors (April 2001), http://wwwmtl.mit.edu/research/icsystems/uamps

  21. A. Manjeshwar and D.P. Agrawal, TEEN: A routing protocol for enhanced efficiency in wireless sensor networks, in: Proc. 2nd International Workshop on Parallel and Distributed Computing Issues in Wireless Networks and Mobile Computing (PDCIWNMC'02), 16th Annual International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS 2002), Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA, April 15–19, 2002 (2004) p. 1956.

  22. K. Mehlhorn and S. Näher, LEDA: A Platform for Combinatorial and Geometric Computing (Cambridge University Press, 1999).

  23. S. Nikoletseas, I. Chatzigiannakis, H. Euthimiou, A. Kinalis, A. Antoniou and G. Mylonas, Energy efficient protocols for sensing multiple events in smart dust networks, in: Proc. 37th ACM/IEEE Annual Simulation Symposium (ANSS) (2004).

  24. C.E. Perkins, Ad Hoc Networking (Addison-Wesley, Boston, MA, 2001). (Reference to book spans across different chapters since the text is discussing the case of porting existing mobile ad-hoc routing protocols to smart dust networks.)

    Google Scholar 

  25. S.M. Ross, Stochastic Processes, 2nd ed. (Wiley, 1995).

  26. C. Schurgers, V. Tsiatsis and M.B. Srivastava, STEM: Topology management for energy efficient sensor networks, in: Proc. IEEE Aerospace Conference 2002, Vol. 3 (2002) pp. 1099–1108.

    Google Scholar 

  27. S. Singh and C.S. Raghavendra, PAMAS: Power aware multi-access protocol with signalling for ad hoc networks, ACM Computer Communication Review 28(3) (1998) 5–25.

    Google Scholar 

  28. TinyOS, A component-based os for the network sensor regime (October, 2002), http://webs.cs.berkeley.edu/tos/

  29. Wireless Integrated Sensor Networks (April 2001), http://www.janet.ucla.edu/WINS/

  30. W. Ye, J. Heidemann and D. Estrin, An energy-efficient MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks, in: Proc. 12th IEEE International Conference on Computer Networks (INFOCOM 2002) (2002) pp. 947–957.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Chatzigiannakis, I., Nikoletseas, S. & Spirakis, P. Efficient and Robust Protocols for Local Detection and Propagation in Smart Dust Networks. Mobile Networks and Applications 10, 133–149 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1023/B:MONE.0000048551.54039.f0

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/B:MONE.0000048551.54039.f0

Navigation