Your browser does not support JavaScript!
http://iet.metastore.ingenta.com
1887

Energy consumption of geographic routing with realistic localisation

Energy consumption of geographic routing with realistic localisation

For access to this article, please select a purchase option:

Buy article PDF
£12.50
(plus tax if applicable)
Add to cart
Buy Knowledge Pack
10 articles for £75.00
(plus taxes if applicable)
Add to cart

IET members benefit from discounts to all IET publications and free access to E&T Magazine. If you are an IET member, log in to your account and the discounts will automatically be applied.

Learn more about IET membership 

Recommend Title Publication to library

You must fill out fields marked with: *

Librarian details
Name:*
Email:*
Your details
Name:*
Email:*
Department:*
Why are you recommending this title?
Select reason:
 
 
 
 
 
IET Networks — Recommend this title to your library

Thank you

Your recommendation has been sent to your librarian.

© The Institution of Engineering and Technology
Published

Geographic routing performance is severely affected by imprecise positioning. Inaccurate location estimation leads to severe throughput degradation rendering it energy inefficient. This article presents a study of geographic routing received signal strength (RSS) and time of arrival (ToA) localisation. Both techniques are simulated using the linear least square method and maximum likelihood-based Levenberg Marquardt method. This study investigates routing behaviour in terms of loss rate (LR) and energy spent on unsuccessful routing. The study sheds light on the failure percentage and the consequent power wasted owing to loss of connectivity, lack of forwarding options with progress, traffic congestion and location error. More importantly, it attempts to determine which localisation technique leads to more energy consumption and thus a shorter network life. As expected, it is found that geographic routing throughput differs, depending on the level of accuracy in localisation. It is confirmed that for ToA there is higher location accuracy and a smaller LR than for the RSS technique. Furthermore, although with ToA the network wastes less energy on lost packets, the extra energy consumption figures are higher than for RSS because of the localisation method which is more costly in energy.

Inspec keywords: Global Positioning System; telecommunication traffic; maximum likelihood estimation; wireless sensor networks; geophysical techniques; time-of-arrival estimation; telecommunication network routing; failure analysis; least mean squares methods

Other keywords: location error; linear least square method; realistic localisation technique; geographic routing received signal strength; ToA localisation; traffic congestion; time-of-arrival localisation; energy consumption; maximum likelihood-based Levenberg Marquardt method; geographic routing performance; RSS; loss rate; location estimation

Subjects: Signal processing and detection; Reliability; Interpolation and function approximation (numerical analysis); Geophysical techniques and equipment; Other topics in statistics; Communication network design, planning and routing; Radionavigation and direction finding

References

    1. 1)
      • Basagni, S., Nati, M., Petrioli, C.: `Localization error-resilient geographic routing for wireless sensor networks', IEEE GLOBECOM 2008 Global Telecommunications Conf., December 2008, p. 1–6.
    2. 2)
      • Seada, K., Helmy, A., Govindan, R.: `On the effect of localization errors on geographic face routing in wireless sensor networks', Proc. Third Int. Symp. on Information Processing in Sensor Networks, 2004, Berkeley, California, USA, p. 71–80.
    3. 3)
      • Shah, R., Wolisz, A., Rabaey, J.M.: `On the performance of geographical routing in the presence of location errors', IEEE Int. Conf. on Communications ICC 2005, 2005, 5, p. 2979–2985.
    4. 4)
    5. 5)
      • He, T., Huang, C., Blum, B.M., Stankovic, J.A., Abdelhazer, T.: `Range-free localization schemes for large scale sensor networks', MobiCom’03, September 2003, San Diego, California, USA.
    6. 6)
      • G.A.F. Seber , C.J. Wild . (2003) Nonlinear regression.
    7. 7)
      • J.-M. Chang , C.-C. Hsu , H.-C. Chao , J.-L. Chen . Using a using A* algorithm to avoid dead end problem for geographic forwarding. J. Internet Technol. , 4 , 363 - 368
    8. 8)
      • B. Peng , A.H. Kemp , H. Maheswari . (2009) Power-saving geographic routing in the presence of location errors.
    9. 9)
      • Peng, B., Kemp, A.H.: `Impact of location errors on geographic routing in realistic WSNs', 2010 Int. Conf. on Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation (IPIN), 2010, p. 1–7.
    10. 10)
      • Salman, N., Maheshwari, H.K., Kemp, A.H., Ghogho, M.: `Effects of anchor placement on mean-CRB for localization', The 10th IFIP Annual Mediterranean Ad Hoc Networking Workshop (Med-Hoc-Net), June 2011, p. 115–118.
    11. 11)
      • Salman, N., Rasool, I., Kemp, A.H.: `Overview of the IEEE 802.15.4 standards family for low rate wireless personal area networks', Seventh Int. Symp. on Wireless Communication Systems (ISWCS), 2010, p. 701–705.
    12. 12)
      • Basagni, S., Nati, M., Petrioli, C.: `Demonstrating the resilience of geographical routing to localization errors', IEEE Int. Conf. on Mobile Adhoc and Sensor Systems, MASS 2007, 8–11 October 2007, p. 1–4.
    13. 13)
    14. 14)
      • S.M. Kay . (1993) Fundamentals of statistical signal processing: estimation theory.
    15. 15)
    16. 16)
    17. 17)
      • Caffery, J.J.: `A new approach to the geometry of TOA location', Proc. IEEE Veh. Technol. Conf. (VTC), September 2000, Boston, MA, 4, p. 1943–1949.
    18. 18)
      • Peng, B., Mautz, R., Kemp, A.H.: `On the effect of localization errors on geographic routing in sensor networks', 2008 IEEE Int. Conf. on Communications, 2008, p. 3136–3140.
    19. 19)
      • www.jennic.com/products/modules, accessed February 2011.
    20. 20)
    21. 21)
      • Popescu, A.M., Tudorache, G.I., Kemp, A.H.: `Performance study of node placement for geographic routing in WSNs', IEEE Swedish Communication Technologies Workshop (Swe-CTW), October 2011, p. 13–18.
    22. 22)
      • I. Amundson , X.D. Koutsoukos , R. Fuller , X.D. Koutsoukos . (2009) A Survey on localization for mobile wireless sensor networks.
    23. 23)
    24. 24)
    25. 25)
      • http://www.jennic.com/support/support_files/jn-an-1001_calculating_ jn5139_jn5148_power_consumption, accessed February 2011.
    26. 26)
    27. 27)
      • Witt, M., Turau, V.: `The impact of location errors on geographic routing in sensor networks', Int. Conf. on Wireless and Mobile Comm. ICWMC’06, 2006, p. 76.
    28. 28)
http://iet.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journals/10.1049/iet-net.2012.0055
Loading

Related content

content/journals/10.1049/iet-net.2012.0055
pub_keyword,iet_inspecKeyword,pub_concept
6
6
Loading
Print this page
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address