Active Integrated Antenna Techniques for Beam Control

Shigeji NOGI
Minoru SANAGI
Kazuhiro FUJIMORI

Publication
IEICE TRANSACTIONS on Electronics   Vol.E88-C    No.7    pp.1358-1367
Publication Date: 2005/07/01
Online ISSN: 
DOI: 10.1093/ietele/e88-c.7.1358
Print ISSN: 0916-8516
Type of Manuscript: Special Section INVITED PAPER (Special Section on Recent Technologies of Microwave and Millimeter-Wave Devices Focusing on Miniaturization and Advancement in Performance with Their Applications)
Category: 
Keyword: 
active antenna,  beam control,  coupled oscillators system,  locking phenomenon,  

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Summary: 
Active integrated antenna techniques have high potential for giving smaller size, lighter weight, lower cost and higher efficiency, in particular to millimeter-wave circuit-antenna systems. This paper gives a review of active integrated antenna techniques with emphasis on beam steering and retrodirective antenna arrays. Various beam steering operations of integrated antenna oscillator arrays using locking phenomena are presented. Beam steering arrays of such type have the feature that phase shifters are not necessary in the arrays. Arrays with higher harmonic output radiation can enlarge the beam steering range. Arrays of locked active antennas which operate as self-oscillating mixers can be beam controllable receiving antennas.