In recent years, the department of land and resources management has successively issued a series of documents on the construction and management of cultivated land quality, established a regular survey and evaluation system for the quality of cultivated land, formed a “national-provincial” evaluation system for cultivated land, and effectively guided the quality evaluation work of cultivated land at district and land remediation project levels. However, the evaluation indexes which based on the standard sample site system was difficult to objectively reflect the quality of cultivated land in district and land remediation project scales. This article started with the connotation of the cultivated land quality, combines the construction objective and protection significance of the cultivated land quality, studied and analyzed the factors affecting the quality of cultivated land such as nature, environment and economy, and put forward the assessment factors of cultivated land quality at district level. At the same time, combined with the impact mechanism of land remediation projects on the cultivated land quality, a land quality assessment factor for the level of land remediation projects was established. On this basis, relied on the “national-provincial” arable land quality evaluation system, in accordance with the principle of “inherit, expand, and transform”, the evaluation factors were further improved according to the differences in the standard farming system partition, and the multi-level cultivated land quality evaluation system in the “national-provincial- district -project” was constructed, which in the plain along the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Finally, an empirical analysis of the district level and the project level was conducted taking “the evaluation of cultivated land quality in Caidian District of Wuhan City” and “the evaluation of cultivated land quality in the Gugang Land Improvement Project area of Zhucheng Street in Xinzhou Dis...