When using the wireless sensor network to build insect habitat data monitoring system, to ensure the real-time data communication efficiency of large-scale network, a maximum cluster capacity statistical time division multiplexing algorithm was proposed based on the classical LEACH protocol. The algorithm firstly determined the election cluster head according to the three largest indexes of the maximum energy threshold, the maximum election probability and the maximum data processing efficiency of the sensor cluster. Secondly, statistical time division multiplexing was used for periodic data transmission and fusion. The simulation analysis of network energy efficiency and network timeliness was carried out in this paper. The results showed that compared with the LEACH protocol, the algorithm had longer life cycle and higher network convergence. The algorithm extended the network stability period and ensures the effective utilization of cluster head nodes' energy and time. It improved data processing efficiency and was suitable for real-time monitoring of large-scale wireless sensor network.