Qubit (quantum) structures of data and computational processes for significantly improving performance when solving problems of discrete optimization and fault-tolerant design are proposed. We describe a hardware-focused models for parallel (one cycle) calculating the power set (the set of all subsets) on the universe of n primitives for solving coverage problems, minimization of Boolean functions, data compression, analysis and synthesis of digital systems through the implementation of the processor structure in the form of the Hasse diagram. A prototype of quantum device, implemented by programmable logic, is described.