I. Introduction
Recently, the demand for radio spectrum resources in wireless networks has significantly increased due to the deployment of new wireless applications. In order to better utilize scarce radio spectrum resources, cognitive radio (CR) has drawn great attention as a promising technique [1], [2]. The CR system is aware of the ambient radio environments and adapts its radio operating behavior. This agility has naturally led to the CR being seen as an enabling platform to realize dynamic spectrum access (DSA). In a CR-based DSA network, secondary (unlicensed) users can dynamically share the licensed spectrum, using three possible approaches: open sharing, hierarchical access and dynamic exclusive use [3]. Open sharing advocates a model where all users have equal rights to share the spectrum of unlicensed industrial, scientific and medical bands. Hierarchical access supports opportunistic access for secondary users to the licensed spectrum while limiting or avoiding interference to the primary (licensed) system. In contrast to other approaches, dynamic exclusive use allows inter-operations between secondary users and the primary system that owns the spectrum usage rights.