This paper combines existing research and conducts in-depth interviews with students in higher vocational colleges who have already started a business to find out the influencing factors of entrepreneurial ability, thereby constructing a targeted model of influencing factors of entrepreneurial ability, including categorization such as internal driving force 10 items, 4 core categories. The Likert scale is used to design and measure the questionnaire, and finally the entrepreneurial ability of students in higher vocational colleges in Shaanxi is constructed with four factors: entrepreneurial driving force, management ability, potential tapping ability and entrepreneurial endowment. At the same time, selected some entrepreneurial students from higher vocational colleges in Xi'an to conduct a survey, and collected 983 valid questionnaires. The scale passed the Cronbach's α test and exploratory factor analysis. After that, regression analysis was made on the primary and secondary indicators of influencing factors, and the results showed that the first-order factors have strong explanatory power. It shows that four factors, including entrepreneurial driving force, management ability, potential tapping ability and entrepreneurial endowment, have a significant positive impact on entrepreneurial ability at the 1% level, and the improvement of these four abilities all promote entrepreneurial ability.