In the field of secure communication, an explosive growth is observed in biometric personal authentication and recognition systems for the last few decades. Biometric system involves establishing the human identity based on a physical or behavioral trait. In the recent studies, various biometric traits including face, iris, ear, gait, palm and knuckle joints have been investigated. Inaccuracy due to noisy sensor data, intra class variation and susceptibility to spoofing attacks evaluate the performance of these biometric systems. Human periocular region is known to be one of the most discriminative regions of the face. The periocular region is rich in texture and is quantified as a useful biometric trait. Acquisition of the periocular region requires less subject cooperation compared to other ocular biometric traits. The field of periocular biometrics includes enormous research and is currently gaining importance. In the paper an attempt has been made to present an insight of different periocular region methodologies.