A model predictive control with online inductance estimator (OIEMPC) for three-phase VIENNA rectifiers is presented in this paper. An OIE adopting the dynamic filtering method and least square algorithm is proposed to further improve system robustness. In this OIE, the VIENNA rectifier pole voltages are obtained by computation utilizing the gate signals of the switching devices, AC current direction and the DC voltage, so that no additional voltage sensors are needed. Compared to the conventional MPC with finite control set (FCS-MPC), the proposed strategy can have better control performance, which effectively improves the robustness of the system. The effectiveness and correctness of the proposed OIEMPC method are demonstrated by the results of Simulink experiments.