In recent years, urban heat island effect has become a hot international issue. In this study, referencing Jimenez-Munoz & Jose A. Sobrino's single-channel method, surface temperature inversion was conducted to HJ-1B satellite remote sensing image under extreme temperature events on July 6, 2010 in Beijing using thermal infrared band image provided by environmental mitigation satellite HJ-1B. We extracted and analyzed the area and distribution of urban heat island under the influence of extreme high temperature, and compared with those of temperature rating chart on July 9, 2009 in Beijing. These researches show that comparing with non-extreme high temperature, there is a reducing of the area of urban middle temperature zone under the extreme high temperature and increasing of that of hot zone. Thus, the total area of urban heat island increased. In addition, Landuse has a great influence of the urban heat island. When the temperature rises, the increasing margin of surface temperature in the plant developed is small and that in urban lands is large. We also get a conclusion that as temperature increasing, the distribution of urban heat island is a radiant extension from the city center to the outer suburbs.