With the increasing food demand for agricultural products and climate change pressures, the production of agricultural ecosystem performs more and more important to achieve the goal of sustainable development. The aim of this paper is to evaluate cropland production potential integrating cultivation patterns and types discrimination based on long-term crop dynamics using remote sensing approaches. First, crop cultivation patterns and types are identified using long-term vegetation dynamics information. Then the results are introduced into the models of cropland production potential estimation. Considering the influence of radiation, temperature, precipitation and soil conditions on crop growth for various crop types in different regions, the cropland potential production is estimated step by step. And finally show the results of four kinds of potential productivity: light, light-temperature, climatic and cropland potential productivity.