I. Introduction
With increasingly stringent emission standards, the cylinder air-fuel ratio has to be controlled within strict limits for reducing exhaust emission. The intake manifold absolute pressure is directly related to engine load. The engine control module (ECM) needs to know the intake manifold absolute pressure to determine how much fuel to inject, when to ignite the cylinder and others. Therefore accurately estimating or measuring the absolute pressure of intake manifold plays an important role in the effective automobile engine control. Many researches have been done to model automobile intake system [1]–[5].