Mobile positioning plays an essential role in smart city services. This paper proposes a fingerprint positioning framework based on massive Minimization of Drive Test (MDT) data to provide accurate and efficient city-scale positioning without additional equipment and measures. First, a multi-level fingerprint construction method is proposed using the Timing Advance (TA), Reference Signal Receiving Power (RSRP), and Reference Signal Receiving Quality (RSRQ) of the serving cell and neighboring cell. Then, an adaptive online fingerprint matching method is employed to extract and match online data fingerprints. Experiments show that the median positioning error is 29.97 meters with city-scale MDT data. It outperforms the reported accuracy of the state-of-the-art fingerprint positioning method.