The train control data is crucial for the safe operation of trains. However, the correctness of train control data relies too much on expert experience in the field of railways due to the complex railway line situations. To address this problem, a graph theory based data model is proposed to describe the signals and track sections of critical train control route information. Then, the correctness verification theorems for route data are proposed by applying the mathematical formalism representation. Furthermore, a verification theorem is proposed to check the correctness of the single route data. In addition, another theorem is proposed for ensuring the correctness of invasion insulated track sections data. Theorems for different kinds of conflicting routes are also proposed to verify the conflict relations between routes. Finally, a case study is presented to illustrate our proposed modeling and verification method. The results show that the proposed verification method is feasible to CTCS-3, which can implement the data verification process in a formal way.