The outbreak of coronavirus COVID-19 not only brings great disaster to the people of the world, but also brings heavy burden to the medical and health network system. Massive network data traffic and resource optimization requests make traditional network architectures unable to calmly deal with the impact of COVID-19. Artificial intelligence (AI) can effectively raise the upper limit of the medical and health network, as evidenced by the ever-increasing restorative clinical data. In addition, the development of next-generation network (NGN) technologies based on machine learning (ML) has created unlimited possibilities for the emergence of emerging medical methods. In order to reflect the effective results of the current application of AI technologies in the fight against the COVID-19 epidemic and provide a reliable guarantee for subsequent diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 epidemics, a series of AI technologies which can be used in the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 are systematically summarized and analyzed. Based on various AI technologies and methods, we try to propose an AI-based medical network architecture. The architecture uses AI technologies to quickly and effectively realize the monitoring, diagnosis and treatment of patients. Finally, we rationally analyzed the technical challenges and practical problems that may be faced in implementing the architecture. The purpose of this article is to inspire scholars and medical researchers to carry out the latest research in response to the COVID-19 epidemic and make breakthrough medical technology progress.