Autonomous Orbit Determination Method based on stellar refraction is a navigation method with low cost and high precision. At present, domestic and foreign studies on this method mainly focus on Low Earth Orbit (hereinafter referred to as "LEO"). To meet the medium-high orbit satellite's urgent need for autonomous navigation, this paper provides a full-time-running and high-precision stellar refraction autonomous navigation method for medium-high orbit satellites based on one sensor that detects stars. Based on the stellar extraction method under the background where the earth's atmosphere is irradiated by the sun (i.e. under the strong background), this navigation method innovatively overcomes the technological obstacle that the effective observation field angle of the medium-high orbit satellite's autonomous navigation based on stellar refraction is small. Simulation system for stellar refraction navigation is also built and used to analyze the influence of key error sources on navigation precision and finally it is concluded that full-time-running positioning precision of stellar refraction navigation of medium-high orbit satellite is better than 3km.