A self-calibration method for micro-components based on droplet array is proposed. The mechanism of the micro-components self-calibration in droplet array is analyzed, and the feasibility of the proposed method is verified by experiments. The research and experimental results show that the droplet array is constructed according to the shape and size of the micro-components. Driven by the restoring force of the liquid bridge, the micro-components can quickly align the position and posture of the operating surface of the droplet array, furthermore, realize the position and posture self-calibration of the micro-components with different shapes and sizes.