In this study, a new method is presented for the fundamental frequency estimation of Turkish makam music recordings by using Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD). VMD is a method to decompose an input signal into an ensemble of sub-signals (modes) which is entirely non-recursive and determines the relevant bands adaptively and estimates the corresponding modes concurrently. In order to decompose a given signal optimally, actuated by the narrow-band properties corresponding to the Intrinsic Mode Function (IMF) definition used in Emprical Mode Decomposition (EMD), and we seek an ensemble of modes. Simulation results on fundamental frequency estimation of real music and synthetic test data show better performance compared to other common decomposition methods for music signals such as spectrogram, YIN, MELODIA and EMD based methods.