The goal of this research is to improve the wireless sensor network data transmission method to save energy consumption of sensor nodes and improve the overall network life cycle. This study uses the ant colony algorithm task allocation control strategy, the execution capability, energy consumption and lifespan of each central node to realize the real-time task allocation control. This study proposes to use an improved hybrid ant colony algorithm to find the shortest path of the cluster and transmit it to the confluence node, so as to avoid unnecessary energy consumption caused by long-distance transmission. Through the independent cooperation of each node and the completion of data processing, the analysis results are finally obtained through information fusion and comprehensive decision-making. The research experiments show that the peer-to-peer wireless network structure in this study not only reduces the burden of communication, calculation and energy consumption of a single central node, but also helps to improve the life and stability of the wireless sensing network.