Cancer starkly jeopardizes the security of human life as an intractable challenge in the realm of emergency medical care. Existing therapeutic modalities have thus far proven inadequate in effecting a complete eradication of cancer. This study introduces a microrobot-assisted approach to cancer treatment through the conceptualization of a magnetothermal biocompatible chitosan microrobot. The designed biocompatible chitosan microrobot possessed excellent thermal stability and magnetothermal performance. Leveraging computational modeling and simulation within the COMSOL framework, it was ascertained that the microrobot possessed a capacity for precision-controlled temperature elevation through the augmentation of coil current intensity and magnetic field frequency. Furthermore, the applicability of the microrobot for cancer therapy was confirmed through the establishment of a liver cancer model, which proved the microrobot’s adeptness in swiftly affecting temperature elevation and effectually ablating cancer tissue within a short time. The accomplishments of this study provide foundational support for the landscape of cancer treatment in emergency medical scenarios, thereby offering valuable insights into the magnetothermal cancer treatment process of microrobots. Note to Practitioners—The motivation of this paper is to develop a magnetothermal biocompatible chitosan microrobot and investigate its precise magnetothermal control properties for application in emergency medical scenarios of cancer treatment. Magnetothermal therapy avoids the damage to normal tissues caused by the use of chemical agents in cancer treatment, and its precise temperature control is crucial for the therapeutic effect. Therefore, a magnetothermal microrobot was designed based on biocompatible chitosan material and its magnetothermal controllable performance was studied by simulation. The magnetothermal chitosan microrobot possessed good thermal properties, and the temperature rise behaviors of...