With successful applications of deep feature learning algorithms, spoken language identification (LID) on long utterances obtains satisfactory performance. However, the performance on short utterances is drastically degraded even when the LID system is trained using short utterances. The main reason is due to the large variation of the representation on short utterances which results in high model confusion. To narrow the performance gap between long, and short utterances, we proposed a teacher-student representation learning framework based on a knowledge distillation method to improve LID performance on short utterances. In the proposed framework, in addition to training the student model on short utterances with their true labels, the internal representation from the output of a hidden layer of the student model is supervised with the representation corresponding to their longer utterances. By reducing the distance of internal representations between short, and long utterances, the student model can explore robust discriminative representations for short utterances, which is expected to reduce model confusion. We conducted experiments on our in-house LID dataset, and NIST LRE07 dataset, and showed the effectiveness of the proposed methods for short utterance LID tasks.