Bioluminescence tomography is a novel optical molecular imaging technology. The corresponding system, theory, and algorithmic frames have been set up. In the present study, we concentrated on the analysis of quantitative reconstruction deviation from peak-wavelength shift of luminescent source and the deviation of heterogeneous mouse model. The findings suggest that the reconstruction results are significantly affected by the peak-wavelength shift and deviation of anatomical structure animal models. Furthermore, the model deviations exhibit much more influence than the wavelength shift on the reconstruction results.