Towards Hard Real-Time and Energy-Efficient Virtualization for Many-Core Embedded Systems | IEEE Journals & Magazine | IEEE Xplore

Towards Hard Real-Time and Energy-Efficient Virtualization for Many-Core Embedded Systems


Abstract:

In safety-critical computing systems, the I/O virtualization must simultaneously satisfy different requirements, including time-predictability, performance, and energy-ef...Show More

Abstract:

In safety-critical computing systems, the I/O virtualization must simultaneously satisfy different requirements, including time-predictability, performance, and energy-efficiency. However, these requirements are challenging to achieve due to complex I/O access path and resource management at the system level, lack of support from preemptive scheduling at I/O hardware level, and missing an effective energy management method. In this paper, we propose a new framework, I/O-GUARD, which reconstructs the system architecture of I/O virtualization, bringing a dedicated hardware hypervisor to handle resource management throughout the system. The hypervisor improves system real-time performance by enabling preemptive scheduling in I/O virtualization with both analytical and experimental real-time guarantees. Furthermore, we also present a dedicated energy management unit to adjust I/O-GUARD's dynamic energy using frequency scaling. Associated with that, a frequency identification algorithm is proposed to find the appropriate executing frequency at run-time. As shown in experiments, I/O-GUARD simultaneously improves the predictability, performance and energy-efficiency compared to the state-of-the-art I/O virtualization.
Published in: IEEE Transactions on Computers ( Volume: 72, Issue: 1, 01 January 2023)
Page(s): 111 - 126
Date of Publication: 15 September 2022

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