More data are generated through interaction between cyber space, physical space, and social space thanks to mobile network technology, giving birth to the so-called cyber–physical social intelligent ecosystem (C&P-SIE). This survey studies the development of physical social intelligence. First, it classifies and discusses the behavior modeling, learning, and adaptation applications of C&P-SIE from intelligent transportation, healthcare, public service, economy, and social networking. Then, it prospects the application of behavior modeling in the C&P-SIE from the perspectives of information security, data-driven techniques, and modeling learning under cooperative artificial intelligence technologies. The research provides a theoretical basis and new opportunities for the digital and intelligent development of smart cities and social systems.