An industrial endoscope can monitor the abnormal conditions of the blast furnace burden layer by detecting the burden surface. Aiming at the problem of a small area of burden surface detected by industrial endoscopes due to the harsh environment of high temperature in blast furnaces, a novel optimization method of the installation direction of industrial endoscopes is proposed. First, a modeling method based on the three-dimensional coordinate transformation was proposed to quantitatively describe the relationship between the installation direction and imaged burden surface area. Then, we designed the optimization program based on particle swarm optimization to maximize the imaged burden surface area. Finally, the problems existing in field applications were considered, and the corresponding model of imaged burden surface area was established for the application. Experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively increase the imaged burden surface area, which provides a guarantee for the stable operation of blast furnaces.