Due to the advantages of radiation free, low equipment cost, and high sensitivity to the gas-liquid interface, ultrasonic tomography (UT) has been considered an effective sensing technique for multiphase flow monitoring in industrial processes. In this article, an advanced wideband UT (WBUT) system based on an industrial compact peripheral component interconnect (CPCI) bus is designed for real-time monitoring of the multiphase flow in the industrial process. The novel features of the WBUT system include: 1) high-intensity wideband ultrasonic excitation and data acquisition; 2) real-time onboard signal processing and ultrasonic parameter extraction; 3) high-speed ultrasonic data processing, storage, and communication; 4) improved image quality with higher spatial resolution and noise robustness using the wideband tomographic reconstruction; and 5) particle size awareness using the ultrasonic spectrum measurements. The performance of the proposed WBUT system was validated by experimental studies. The results demonstrated that the WBUT system fully leverages multifrequency data to distinguish 3–4 randomly distributed small inclusions with a spatial resolution of 5 mm, maintains high reconstruction quality under low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) or missing data conditions, and differentiate in particle size between two liquid-solid samples of identical concentration. These attributes are invaluable for monitoring the industrial process multiphase flow in a comprehensive way.