The Paris Agreement set global energy conservation and emission reduction standards in 2016, and the ambitious goal of carbon neutrality must be achieved by 2050. However, the conflicts between environmental protection, economic development and social fairness constrain the development of sustainable transportation systems. At the same time, the automotive industry believes that large-scale application of autonomous driving technology is expected by 2050. The development and application of autonomous driving technology can provide a new solution to improve the sustainability of the transportation system. Meanwhile, autonomous vehicles can significantly enhance the mobility of people with disabilities and seniors and reduce the transportation cost for poverty people, improving the transportation fairness of the entire society. This letter discusses the impact of autonomous driving technology on sustainable transportation systems from the perspectives of social fairness and economic responsibility, as a brief summary of the third part of Distributed/Decentralized Hybrid Workshop on Sustainability for Transportation and Logistics (DHW-STL).